The estimated global ethanol production in 2009 was about 74 mln m. After fermentation remains waste from bottom of distillation columns, termed stillage. This highly aqueous residue containing organic solubles is considered a troublesome and potentially polluting waste due to its extremely high BOD and COD values. Moreover, for each liter of produced ethanol 8 -15 liters of stillage are genera...

Some physical, chemical and biological properties of raw water collected from Caroni River in Central Trinidad and raw wastewater from Angostura Distillery in North Trinidad were measured in the laboratory. In addition, the properties of the water effluent obtained by passing the raw Caroni River water through various sand-clay filter media that differed in the proportions of sand and clay by v...

The present paper deals with the characterization of wastewater generated from Greek wineries and wine distilleries. The quantity and the quality of the wastewater of a distillery depends on the type of wine (white or red), on the processes followed for the production of wine as well as on the volume of the tanks that are used. The total production of wastewater from a winery is about 1.2 times...

Kokuto-shochu is a traditional Japanese distilled liquor made from brown sugar. Kokuto-shochu distillery wastewater (KDW) contains high concentrations of organic compounds and brown pigments (called molasses pigments) which are hardly decolorized by general biological wastewater treatment. A fungus, Penicillium oxalicum d, which we isolated in a previous study, decolorizes 47% of the color from...

one of the main disadvantages of anaerobic wastewater treatment at a low ph is the significantoperational cost due to the addition of necessary alkali. to reduce alkali supplement and thus the cost, thisstudy proposes a sequential multi-feed (sqmf) mode (distributed feeding) and effluent recycle (er) mode.experiments were conducted with a pilot-scale (2.5 m3) thermophilic (55°c) multi-staged up...

one of the main disadvantages of anaerobic wastewater treatment at a low ph is the significantoperational cost due to the addition of necessary alkali. to reduce alkali supplement and thus the cost, thisstudy proposes a sequential multi-feed (sqmf) mode (distributed feeding) and effluent recycle (er) mode.experiments were conducted with a pilot-scale (2.5 m3) thermophilic (55°c) multi-staged up...

Irradiation with ultrasound (US) and use of an enzyme (E) as pretreatment techniques were carried out to treat a complex effluent (distillery wastewater). These two techniques have been used alone as well as in combination and the efficacy of these techniques was tested by subjecting the effluent to subsequent aerobic biological oxidation (AO). When used alone, US exposure for 30 min and 2 h yi...

Batch studies were conducted on degradation of anaerobically digested distillery wastewater by three bacterial strains, viz. Xanthomonas fragariae, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus in free and immobilized form, isolated from the activated sludge of a distillery wastewater treatment plant. The removal of COD and colour with all the three strains increased with time up to 48 hr and only ma...