Roads and cities represent huge sources of degradation for adjacent ecosystems regarding nutrient cycling, energy, water flow and species composition. In this study we test the hypothesis that distance from roads and cities is associated with habitat loss and fragmentation in the caatinga vegetation--a dry forest to scrub vegetation that covers ca. 736,000 km2 of northeast Brazil. The study sit...

Recognition priming and distance estimation were used to investigate the mental representation of knowledge acquired from maps. In Experiment 1, recognition priming showed that cities close in route distance primed each other more than cities far in route distance, even when Euclidean distance was equated. Experiment 2 showed that this finding was robust and not an artifact of the way subjects ...

We assume that m facility units (hospital, bank, post office, fire department, police station, bus station, etc.) are requested to be established for n cities which are on the same line. We have to choose m cities where the facility units will be established such that total distance from all cities to nearest facility units is minimum. Here, it is supposed that the person who is in the city whi...

How does isolation affect the economic activity of cities? Transport costs are widely considered an important barrier to local economic activity but their impact in developing countries is not well-studied. This paper investigates the role of intercity transport costs in determining the income of sub-Saharan African cities. In particular, focusing on fifteen countries whose largest city is a po...

The structure of social networks within and across cities influences urban creativity and the potential for new knowledge creation. We propose that cities achieve greater inventive creativity when there is (1) a short average social distance among inventors in a city, and (2) those inventors are highly clustered. A short average social distance allows knowledge to circulate quickly across a lar...