Distance relays are used to protect EHV and HV Transmission lines. Over the past decades many algorithms have emerged for digital distance relays. These are based on the calculation of the transmission line impedance from the relaying to fault points. In this paper a novel method for digital distance relaying is proposed. In the method the tracking procedure is implemented. The method uses the ...

nowadays, water supply for sustainable development is one of the most important concerns and challenges in most countries of the world. due to determination of groundwater potential zones are one of the important tools in the conservation, management and utilization of water resources. thus, the present study aimed to prioritize the effective factors on groundwater potential and its susceptibil...

This paper presents the effects of instrument transformers connection points on the measured impedance by distance relays in the presence of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices with series connected branch. Distance relay tripping characteristic itself depends on the power system structural conditions, pre-fault operational conditions, and especially the ground ...

landslides and slope instabilities are major hazards for human activities often causing economiclosses and property damages. sikan river basin (ilam province) due to the topography, tectonic,lithology, and climate has enough potential for occurrence of this phenomenon. the objectives of thisstudy were to determine effective parameters controlling the landslide occurrence and to preparezonation ...

fault zones and fault-related fracture systems control the mechanical behaviors and fluid-flow properties of the earth’s crust. furthermore, nowadays, modeling is being increasingly used in order to understand the behavior of rock masses, and to determine their characteristics. in this work, fault zones and fracture patterns are reviewed, and also comprehensive studies are carried out on the fr...

The characteristics of near-fault ground motion are investigated considering heterogeneous slip distribution on the fault plane. Areas on the fault plane with large slip in compare with the average slip on the fault are known as asperity. The characteristics of strong ground motions in near-fault area are strongly affected by faulting parameters such as asperity location, maximum slip of asperi...

the main objective of this study was to arak city zoning geomorphological parameters of the model using fuzzy logic. in order to realize these objectives, 10 parameters including of height, distance from fault, distance from the main channel, distance from sub-channel, distance from road, slope percent, distance from settlements, terrain type, erosion potential and seismic vulnerability in the ...