most people infected with m .tuberculosis do not develop active disease. in healthy individuals, the lifetime risk of developing infection to disease is 5-10%. reactivation of tb often occurs in older children and adolescent and is more common in patients who acquire tb at age 7 years and older. pulmonary tuberculosis may manifest in several forms, including endobronchial tb with focal lymphade...

OBJECTIVE Tuberculosis (TB) in patients with or without advanced HIV infection may present as smear-negative, extrapulmonary and/or disseminated forms. We studied the role of pericardial and abdominal ultrasound examinations in the determination of extrapulmonary or disseminated TB. METHODS A prospective descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study design was used to determine the ultrasoun...

INTRODUCTION In Canada, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is now primarily given to First Nations and Inuit (FNI) neonates living in tuberculosis (TB) endemic areas. With declining TB rates, attention has shifted from the protective effects of BCG to reports of serious vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAE). METHODS Surveillance data were reviewed to assess TB burden and trends, BCG cov...

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that deterioration of tuberculosis (TB) during appropriate treatment, termed a paradoxical reaction (PR), is more common and severe in HIV positive individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHOD A study was undertaken to determine the frequency of PR and its associated features in a population of HIV+TB+ patients and a similar sized group ...

TYPE: Case Report TOPIC: Chest Infections INTRODUCTION: Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) is a rare presentation, more common in patients with HIV, chronic liver disease or alcohol abuse and associated high rates of treatment failure. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28 years-old male, history asthma, started complains cough, sputum production asthenia . Despite inhaled steroids, he continued to deteriorate. ...

TOPIC: Pulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Disease TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: In the United States, most cases occur in foreign-born individuals immigrating from countries with high rates endemic TB [1]. Aggressive dissemination tuberculosis related to pregnancy is rarely reported literature; incidence ranges between 1 and 2% [2, 3]. We report a pregnant patient ...

TOPIC: Critical Care TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: BH is a 41-year-old Nepalese male with history of ulcerative colitis (recently on adalimumab) and type two diabetes mellitus was transferred for the evaluation ECMO. He presented to an outside hospital days prior complaint fevers, hemoptysis, five-pound weight loss over one month. Despite pre-biologic testing showing...

Disseminated tuberculosis is rare in infants. The more common presentations of tuberculosis (TB) in infancy include pulmonary and meningeal involvement. Disseminated TB following BCG vaccination is even rarer. The possible reasons for dissemination following BCG are faulty techniques of intra-dermal administration and use of excess doses of the vaccine. Dissemination following BCG also occurs i...

BACKGROUND Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening condition which is often a challenge to diagnose. When to use bone marrow biopsies to diagnose disseminated TB in paediatrics is always a dilemma, from both a clinical and laboratory perspective, as there are no clear guidelines. Our study primarily aims to evaluate the role of routine bone marrow biopsies, and to compare periphera...

UNLABELLED Background Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an important early complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in countries with high rates of endemic TB, but data from South-East Asia are incomplete. Identification of prevalence, risk factors and treatment outcomes of TB-IRIS in Malaysia was sought. METHODS A 3-year retrospective study ...