Most firms face some risk of disruption to their supply due to labor strikes, supplier bankruptcies, manufacturing quality failures, natural disasters, terrorism, or other events. In recognition of the fact that the risk of disruption may change over time, some firms have begun to continually monitor their disruption risk and to adjust their safeguards, e.g., inventory, in accordance with the c...

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, both in the developed and developing countries. Women with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Recent studies show that short-wavelength visible light disturb the secretion of melatonin and causes circadian rhythm disruption. We have previously studied the health effects of exposure...

The authors introduce a disruption management framework that incorporates both the probability of disruption and the predictability of consequences. The resulting model prescribes one of four supply chain strategies: flexibility, risk and loss mitigation, agility, and resilience. Managers can leverage the presented framework within a comprehensive supply chain risk management process to develop...

In this paper, bi-level programming is proposed for designing a competitive supply chain network. A two-stage stochastic programming approach has been developed for a multi-product supply chain comprising a capacitated supplier, several distribution centers, retailers and some resellers in the market. The proposed model considers demand’s uncertainty and disruption in distribution centers and t...

Power networks are among the most important infrastructures that without them, industrial, economic and social procedures will halt. Therefore, they should be planned for the most difficult conditions to provide services with minimum disruption. Power substations are of great importance to a power network, because any disruption in their components can produce extensive problems through the net...

Purpose: A growing need for global sourcing of business has subjected firms to higher levels of uncertainty and increased risk of supply disruption. Differences in industry and infrastructure make it more difficult for firms to manage supply disruption risks effectively. This study aims to extend developing research in this area by addressing gaps within existing literature related to environme...

introduction: codling moth, cydia pomonella is one of the key pests of apple in khorasan razavi province which annually causes severe fruit damage to apple crop. there are several ways that are used to control and prevent injury to apple products in the world. the most successful and widespread use of pheromones has been in monitoring traps. mating disruption method by pheromones takes place wh...