Challenges in automatic face recognition can be classified in several categories such as illumination, image quality, expression, pose, aging, and disguise. In this chapter, the authors focus on recognizing face images with disguise variations. Even though face recognition with disguise variations is a major challenge, the research studies on this topic are limited. In this study, first disguis...

Prior research indicates that disguise negatively affects lineup identifications, but the mechanisms by which disguise works have not been explored, and different disguises have not been compared. In two experiments (Ns = 87 and 91) we manipulated degree of coverage by two different types of disguise: a stocking mask or sunglasses and toque (i.e., knitted hat). Participants viewed mock-crime vi...

The class of so-called non-truth-functional logics constitutes a challenge to the usual algebraic based semantic tools, such as matrix semantics [ LS58]. The problem with these logics is the existence of noncongruent connectives that are not always interpreted homomorphically in a given algebra. The key idea of valuation semantics [dCB94], which arose precisely from the attempt to give some rea...

P 6= NP ⇔ SAT 6∈ P . We propose this to be true because the satisfiability problem for propositional logic formulas (SAT) is the Halting Problem [Turing, 1937] in disguise and therefore undecidable. Since the input space is finite, however, SAT can still be solved by simulating no less than all possible, that is exponentially many, configurations. In a nutshell, the halting portion of a program...

The law of information platforms has blurred numerous doctrinal categories within the law and has begun to assimilate a widening array of nonlegal disciplines.2 Communications law alone has become “so vast that fully to comprehend it would require an almost universal knowledge ranging from” engineering, economics, and management science “to the niceties of the legislative, judicial, and adminis...

the basic aim of this research is description and deduction of principles, aims, and methods based on the epistemological foundations of farabi in fusus al-hikmah. to get this aim, the method was documentary analysis and deduction. findings show that: necessary being is aware of all contingent beings, there is a unity between the essence of god as a ultimate truth and his knowledge, necessary b...