materials and methods weighted logistic regression models were used for the analysis of 1,248 cases and 39,995 controls from the 2005 california health interview survey (chis). results the prevalence of spd was 10% in cases and 4% in controls, respectively. the percentages of past and current smoking were higher in cases than controls (50% vs. 24% and 27% vs. 15%, respectively). after adjusting...

introduction: the evaluation of assessment instruments through activity of daily living (adl) in heart disease is done for early intervention. the aim of this study is to investigate the proper instrument for assessing adl in a cardiac patient. material and methods: this study was a narrative review of instruments of screening and assessing adl in heart disease. a search was conducted using dat...

conclusion most cte findings correlated with cdai and crp in patients with active crohn’s disease. background the accurate evaluation of crohn’s disease activity is important for the treatment of the disease and for monitoring the response. computerized tomography (ct) enterography is a useful imaging modality that reflects enteric inflammation, as well as extramural complications. objectives t...

brazilian peppertree (schinus terebinthifolius) leaf extract was applied against two strains of the crown gall disease agent (agrobacterium tumefaciens); strains c58 and ar125. in vitro, we used the agar well diffusion method and the extract was tested in different solvents selected according to their polarity indices, at different concentrations and different incubation temperatures. in vivo, ...

introduction: neuroinflammation may play as an important risk factor in progressive degeneration of dopaminergic cells. antioxidants have protective effects against free radicalsinduced neural damage in parkinson’s disease (pd). in the present study, we examined the effects of ellagic acid (ea) on locomotion and neuroinflammatory biomarkers in a rat model of pd induced by 6-hydroxidopamine (6-o...

objectives the current research aimed to study achillea millefolium and thymus vulgaris antiviral activity against newcastle disease virus (ndv). materials and methods the antiviral activity of the plants was measured by the reduction assay of viral titer, and explained by inhibition percentage (ip). background nowadays natural products such as pure compounds and plant extract scan provide unli...

isolated hematuria and its association with proteinuria, and urinary cast and systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) disease activity, and decision for renal biopsy is a dilemma for physician in sle patients. the aim of this study was to investigate 1. whether isolated hematuria is associated with active sle, 2. to determine duration between hematuria and proteinuria and urinary cast, and 3. to det...

conclusions this study indicated that health belief model contrasts could predict the risky behavior of university students due to heart disease. however, more researches are needed to verify the predictors of high risky behaviors in students. background disease preventing methods focus mostly on lifestyle factors such as physical activity, healthy diet and not smoking. previous studies verifie...