Pitch discrimination interference (PDI) refers to an impairment in the ability to discriminate changes in the fundamental frequency (F0) of a target harmonic complex, caused by another harmonic complex (the interferer) presented simultaneously in a remote spectral region. So far, PDI has been demonstrated for target complexes filtered into a higher spectral region than the interferer and contai...

background: this study aimed to investigate and compare the bacterial safety of handmade and commercial ready‑to‑use enteral feeding formulas used in an iranian teaching hospital. methods: in this experimental study, a total number of 70 samples (21 handmade formulas sampled at two sampling times, i.e. the time of preparation and 18 h after preparation, and 28 commercial ready‑to‑use formulas) ...

OBJECTIVE Different indices and formulas of CBC parameters have been suggested as indicators of early stage screenings to detect couples with β-thalassemia minor (BTMi). In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of five previous published formulas and compared them to our new formula (│80-MCV│×│27-MCH│) in screening of β-thalassemia. METHODS All couples in the premarital β-thalassemia screenin...

Current models of attention, typically claim that vision and audition are limited by a common attentional resource which means that visual performance should be adversely affected by a concurrent auditory task and vice versa. Here, we test this implication by measuring auditory (pitch) and visual (contrast) thresholds in conjunction with cross-modal secondary tasks and find that no such interfe...

evaporation, as a major component of the hydrologic cycle, plays a key role in water resources development and management in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. although there are empirical formulas available, their performances are not all satisfactory due to the complicated nature of the evaporation process and the data availability. this paper explores evaporation estimation methods based o...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by different formulas for predicting the risk of death in heart failure (HF) outpatients. BACKGROUND Patients with both HF and renal insufficiency have a poor prognosis. Three formulas are mostly used to assess renal function: Cockroft-Gault formula, MDRD-4 (Modification of D...

Two groups of rabbits were trained on a brightness discrimination task. A two-choice discrimination apparatus was used. By means of food reward one group of rabbits was trained to open the darkest gate, the other was trained to open the brightest gate. The second group learned significantly faster than the first one.

Musical priming research has reported that sensory consonance/dissonance judgements for a target chord were faster when targets were musically related to a musical prime context. The present study extended this context effect to a timbre discrimination task. This new task allowed us to investigate whether musical priming results from congruency effects similar to those reported in other domains...