A high-resolution method for the separation and analysis of disaccharides prepared from heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) using heparin lyases is described. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography in a reverse-phase ion-pairing mode efficiently separates eight heparin/HS disaccharides. The disaccharides can then be detected and quantified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This met...

In response to tissue injury, hyaluronan (HA) polymers are cleaved by host hyaluronidases, generating small fragments that ligate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to elicit inflammatory responses. Pathogenic bacteria such as group B Streptococcus (GBS) express and secrete hyaluronidases as a mechanism for tissue invasion, but it is not known how this activity relates to immune detection of HA. We fou...

Capillary electrophoresis is a common technique used for glycosaminoglycan-derived disaccharide analysis because of its high resolving power, high separation efficiency, high sensitivity, short analysis time, and straightforward operation. CE coupled to laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection shows an approximately 100 times higher sensitivity than traditional UV detection at 232 nm. 2-Amino...

A new method based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToF MS) has been developed for the first time for the analysis of complex mixtures of disaccharides previously converted to their trimethylsilyl oximes (TMSO). Among the different experimental parameters considered for optimization, both the column set combination and the di...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method to determine the presence of hyaluronic acid derived disaccharides in equine synovial fluid. FINDINGS A high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of hyaluronic acid derived unsaturated disaccharides in equine synovial fluid was developed and validated. The method is based on the mea...

OBJECTIVE To compare the positive and negative effects of rifaximin and nonabsorbable disaccharides in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS We used the method recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration to perform a meta-analysis of comparative randomized trials of rifaximin and nonabsorbable disaccharides. RESULTS Seven randomized controlled trials were identified, but only five tri...

4-Deoxypentenosides (4-DPs) are versatile synthons for rare or higher-order pyranosides, and they provide an entry for structural diversification at the C5 position. Previous studies have shown that 4-DPs undergo stereocontrolled DMDO oxidation; subsequent epoxide ring-openings with various nucleophiles can proceed with both anti or syn selectivity. Here, we report the synthesis of α- and β-lin...

A quantitative and highly sensitive method for the analysis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-derived disaccharides that relies on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence detection is presented. This method enables complete separation of 17 GAG-derived disaccharides in a single run. Unsaturated disaccharides were derivatized with 2-aminoacridone to improve sensitivity. The limit...

Since xylose could be substituted for glucose to yield 4-0-a-Dglucosyl n-xylose (a), it seemed possible that the enzyme could be used for the synthesis of yet other disaccharides possessing the a-l,4 linkage. The present communication demonstrates that glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and 2-deoxyglucose can indeed serve as substrates to yield the corresponding maltose analogues. The preparatio...