Let G = (V,E) be a graph. By directional labeling (or d-labeling) of an edge x = uv of G by an ordered n-tuple (a1, a2, · · · , an), we mean a labeling of the edge x such that we consider the label on uv as (a1, a2, · · · , an) in the direction from u to v, and the label on x as (an, an−1, · · · , a1) in the direction from v to u. In this survey, we study graphs, called (n, d)-sigraphs, in whic...

let g(v,e) be a graph with p vertices and q edges. a graph g is said to have an odd mean labeling if there exists a function f : v (g) → {0, 1, 2,...,2q - 1} satisfying f is 1 - 1 and the induced map f* : e(g) → {1, 3, 5,...,2q - 1} defined by f*(uv) = (f(u) + f(v))/2 if f(u) + f(v) is evenf*(uv) = (f(u) + f(v) + 1)/2 if f(u) + f(v) is odd is a bijection. a graph that admits an odd mean lab...

a graph of size n is said to be graceful when is possible toassign distinct integers from {0, 1, . . . , n} to its verticesand {|f(u)−f(v)| : uv ∈ e(g)} consists of n integers. inthis paper we present broader families of graceful graphs; these families are obtained via three different operations: the third power of a caterpillar, the symmetric product of g and k2 , and the disjoint :union: of g...

We participated in the free task and the T2N task of NTCIR-7 MuST. In this paper, we will report our participation in the T2N task. The system we prepared was a very simple and straightforward one. It will serve as a baseline for the T2N task. It consists of the following four modules: i) Element expression extractor, ii) Element expression combiner, iii) Date information canonicalizer, and iv)...

Galvanotaxis, that is, migration induced by DC electric fields, is thought to play a significant role in development and wound healing, however, the mechanisms by which extrinsic electric fields orchestrate intrinsic motility responses are unknown. Using mammalian cell lines (3T3, HeLa, and CHO cells), we tested one prevailing hypothesis, namely, that electric fields polarize charged cell surfa...

In this study, a new arterial spin labeling technique that requires no separate spin preparation pulse was developed. Sequential two-dimensional slices were acquired in ascending and descending orders by turns using balanced steady state free precession for pair-wise subtraction. Simulation studies showed this new technique, alternate ascending/descending directional navigation (ALADDIN), has h...

Arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV) is associated with many physiologic and pathologic conditions. Recently, multiphase balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) readout was introduced to measure labeled blood signals in the arterial compartment, based on the fact that signal difference between labeled and unlabeled blood decreases with the number of RF pulses that is affected by blood ve...

in this paper we define a new labeling called skolem odd difference mean labeling and investigate skolem odd difference meanness of some standard graphs. let g = (v,e) be a graph with p vertices and q edges. g is said be skolem odd difference mean if there exists a function f : v (g) → {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , p + 3q − 3} satisfying f is 1−1 and the induced map f : e(g) → {1, 3, 5, . . . , 2q−1} d...

the dogleg severity is one of the most important parameters in directional drilling. improvement of these indicators actually means choosing the best conditions for the directional drilling in order to reach the target point. selection of high levels of the dogleg severity actually means minimizing well trajectory, but on the other hand, increases fatigue in drill string, increases torque and d...