In the United States, nearly 13% of adults aged 20 years and older have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its prevalence is still increasing (1,2). Microvascular and macrovascular abnormalities are common in patients with T2DM and are related to the severity and duration of hyperglycemia (3–5). Thus, treatment of hyperglycemia is an important way to prevent or delay diabetic vascular complic...

INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular disease. Anti-diabetic therapy has a limited capability (if any) of changing the incidence of either death or major cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular safety concerns have been raised. We aimed at identifying episodes of acute myocardial infarction associated to a relatively new class of drugs, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhib...

OBJECTIVE This updated meta-analysis determines the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glycemic and tolerability outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease with glomerular filtration rate of ⩽60 mL/min or on dialysis. METHODS In all, 14 citations were identified from multiple databases. Qualitative assessments and quantitative analyses were perfo...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors is associated with the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Population based cohort study. SETTING More than 700 general practices contributing data to the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 141 170 patients, at least 18 years of ag...

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26 leukocyte differentiation antigen) is an enzymic surface marker of a human T lymphocyte subpopulation which has been shown to be associated with their capacity to produce large amounts of interleukin 2 and proliferate strongly in response to mitogenic stimulation. The peptidase activity on the surface of purified human peripheral mononuclear cells was determined s...

BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are a class of oral hypoglycemic drugs and are used widely to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus in many countries. Adverse effects include nasopharyngitis, headache, elevated serum pancreatic enzymes, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, a few cases of interstitial pneumonia associated with their use have been reported in the Japanese literature....