ionization radiation caused to incidence of complications in the exposed organs. in prostate radiotherapy, rectum and bladder have been radiated unwantedly and indicated some complications during and after treatment. the purpose of present study is to consider and to compare clinical complications of rectum and bladder in custom block and mlc for 3- d conformal radiotherapy, in order to determi...

An accurate detection of the radiation field is crucial to 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). Automated techniques to detect the field edges on double exposure portal images have previously focused on thresholding techniques. In this paper, we present a new approach based on a curve propagation technique (the Fast Marching method) which proves to be more effective at detecting the radiation fi...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare the tolerance of surgical instruments in surgical guides produced by 3-D printing, without metal sleeves to a surgical guide with conventional metal sleeves from two different manufacturers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lateral movements of drill tips caused by tolerance between the sleeve and drill key and between the drill key and the drill w...

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the differences of the dosimetric parameters between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and simultaneous-integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) techniques in the prone and supine positions for breast irradiation. Materials and Methods: Ten patients underwent a computed tomography simulation in both the prone a...

Introduction: The rate of cardiac diseases have increased among patients who underwent radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer. The study’s aim was evaluate the dose to organs at risk in free-breathing 3-dimensional conformal (FB-3DCRT) against 3-dimensional conformal deep inspiration breath-hold (3DCRT-DIBH) in patients with left-sided breast cancer. Ma...

background: external beam radiotherapy (ebrt) is mainstay of treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma (lacc). three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3dcrt) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (imrt) are mainly used in ebrt. however which one is superior is still controversial. materials and methods: forty patients of lacc treated with imrt were selected for this study....

Patients who have undergone solid organ transplants are known to have an increased risk of neoplasia compared with the general population. We report our experience using mediastinal irradiation with helical tomotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy to treat a patient with lung carcinoma 15 years after heart transplantation. Our dosimetric evaluation showed no particular d...

In recent years, radiotherapy for liver cancer has accomplished much technical progress. The history of radiotherapy for liver cancer shows an endeavor to overcome the problem of how to raise the irradiation dose to lesions while suppressing the unnecessary irradiation dose to normal liver tissue. With the appearance of treatment using X-ray radiotherapy represented by three-dimensional conform...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the surface dose of 7-field IMRT (7 F-IMRT), tangential beam IMRT (TB-IMRT), and tangential beam 3D-CRT (3D-CRT) of breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy by means of in vivo GafChromic film dosimetry. MATERIAL AND METHODS Breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy of the whole breast or the chest wall were eligible ...

BACKGROUND The shift from conventional two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D)-conformal target definition and dose-planning seems to have introduced volumetric as well as geometric changes. The purpose of this study was to compare coverage of computed tomography (CT)-based breast and boost planning target volumes (PTV), absolute volumes irradiated, and dose delivered to the organs at ri...