Crypto-currencies, like Bitcoins, are a relatively recent phenomena on the online Internet landscape and an emerging force in the financial sector. While not conforming to traditional institutional practices, they are gaining increasing acceptance as viable commercial currencies. With this technology presenting new opportunities, and its future largely dependent on external challenges, this con...

This research extends theories of trust from e-commerce to incorporate digital currencies. In particular trust in business to consumer e-commerce transactions carried out using digital currencies such as Bitcoin is explored. A model of online trust is considered to be valid in this different transaction context but the significance of each construct changes and some extensions are necessary. Th...

The article is devoted to the problems of digital currencies (further — DG) in Germany. types DGs and their status Germany are considered. author analyzes approaches legislator, regulator doctrine content concepts “blockchain”, “digital assets”, “tokens”, “cryptocurrencies”, etc. federal act on electronic securities 2021 ETSB) other acts analyzed. advantages disadvantages Germany’s approach ass...

Received 28.07.2020. The article examines issues related to the introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) for retail payments and wholesale settlements. study defines classifies currencies, researches main models CBDC systems. also analyzes features various national projects issuing Central currencies. paper uses methods economic-statistical functional-structural analysis. conclude...

Cryptocurrencies and decentralized finance have grown considerably since the publication of white paper on bitcoin in 2009. This article presents an overview cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, their applications, explaining spirit enterprise how it compares with traditional operations.

A growing number of central banks are considering the issuance bank digital currencies (CBDCs). CBDCs for general public (“retail CBDCs”) would constitute a liability and form cash. To public, they be an alternative to issued cash private money, such as traditional deposits. The evolution payments plays pivotal role in developing CBDCs. Given declining some jurisdictions, new money may contribu...

The purpose of research is focused on the insight into the future of Bitcoin on the financial situation, its implications and challenges. The problem of study is to investigate how to deal with a new type of digital currencies (such Bitcoin) that does not have a physical presence and there is no specific body to issue. Thus, this study aims to identify the nature of Bitcoin currency and what ar...

This paper lists fifteen key policy implications resulting from a decision to introduce retail and/or wholesale central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). It makes the distinction between ‘medium of exchange’ and ‘exchange mechanism’. The former is one functions money. latter function technological approach in establishing unit account, store value, payment protocol. Payments, transfers settlemen...