endozoochory is one of the seed dispersal modes through animal’s digestive systems transmission and the increases rate germination and plant establishment. the aim of this study, investigated the relationship between seed characteristics and the passage through the digestive tract of livestock and domestic animals (cattle, sheep and goats) in the 7 species perennial grass 8 species perennial fo...

The digestive tract exhibits region-specific morphology and cytodifferentiation along the anteroposterior axis. We analyzed the spatial expression patterns of Hox genes belonging to the HoxA and HoxB cluster (Hoxa-4 approximately a-9, Hoxb-5 approximately b-9) in the developing chick digestive tract. The expression domains of these Hox genes correlated with morphological subdivision of the dige...

This small book is an attempt to review present knowledge on the morphology, immunology, and pathogenicity of the pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO). The author is a recognized authority on these organisms and the material is presented from her point of view, although she readily admits that there are some who may be in disagreement with her conclusions. Four of the eleven chapters are devot...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Elderly patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) synchronous with other digestive tract malignancies have been rarely reported. In this study, clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated among elderly patients with GISTs with or without coexisting digestive tract malignancies. METHODS A total of 161 patients (≥65 years) were retrospectively reviewed at the ...

The lower digestive tract of animals is often referred to as the hindgut and normally denotes the large intestine, which includes the cecum, colon, and rectum. The cecum is a branch from the junction of the small intestine and colon. There is a great diversity among animals in hindgut morphology, mainly in relation to diet of the animal. Carnivores have a small hindgut and a cecum may be absent...

Digestive tract sarcoidosis (DTS) is rare and case-series are lacking. In this retrospective case-control study, we aimed to compare the characteristics, outcome, and treatment of patients with DTS, nondigestive tract sarcoidosis (NDTS), and Crohn disease.We included cases of confirmed sarcoidosis, symptomatic digestive tract involvement, and noncaseating granuloma in any digestive tract. Each ...

Four hundred and seventy eight (478) individuals who exhibited some manifestation of chronic and debilitating illness including persistent cough, skin cancer and dermatitis, multiple lymph adenitis, diarrhea and enteritis, genital sore, urethritis, vaginitis and weight loss, were examined to establish relationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and digestive tract pathoge...

Filarial worms are parasitic nematodes that cause devastating diseases such as lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis. Filariae are nematodes with complex anatomy including fully developed digestive tracts and reproductive organs. To better understand the basic biology of filarial parasites and to provide insights into drug targets and vaccine design, we conducted a proteomic analysis of ...

Essential Knowledge  Peristalsis moves food through the digestive tract.  Food is broken down in a series of mechanical and chemical ways throughout the digestive process.  The major organs of the digestive tract include: Mouth (and all associated parts), Esophagus, Stomach, Pancreas, Liver, Small Intestines, and Large Intestines.  Most nutrients are absorbed after passing through the stoma...