The care of the critically ill infant or child often is complicated further by disruptions in fluid or electrolyte balance. Prompt recognition of these disruptions is essential to the care of these patients. This article provides an overview of the principles of fluid and electrolyte balance in the critically ill infant and child. Imbalances in fluid homeostasis and imbalances in sodium, potass...

A close cooperation between medical teams is necessary when calculating the fluid intake of parenterally fed patients. Fluids supplied parenterally, orally and enterally, other infusions, and additional fluid losses (e.g. diarrhea) must be considered. Targeted diagnostic monitoring (volume status) is required in patients with disturbed water or electrolyte balance. Fluid requirements of adults ...

s modem respiratory intensive care becomes A increasingly well defined as a subspecialty, it is important to critically evaluate the effect of various types of ventilatory support on the patient as a whole. One aspect of the general care of the respiratory patient with which the physician must deal is fluid and electrolyte balance. The original report of Sladen et al,' suggesting that sodium an...

the effect of three different levels of dietary electrolyte balance (deb), in mean values of 114, 183 and 250 (meq/kg), on broiler performance was evaluated. a number of 486 arian male chicks were employed in a randomaized block design of three replicates and 54 chicks in each level replication. diets were available to chicks ad lib and in three dietary phases. serum na+,k+, cl- concentrations ...

A trial was conducted to study the effect of two dietary electrolyte balances (dEB, dEB=Na+K-Cl, meq/100g) on the productive performance, quality of eggs and physiological status of Hy-Line Brown laying hens. 128 hens were allocated in cages (4 hens/cage) and divided into two experimental groups (16 repetitions/group). The diets were isoproteic and isocaloric with different electrolyte balance ...

Infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis have been studied with regard to stool electrolyte composition, external electrolyte balance, and aldosterone excretion. At the height of fluid depletion the stool sodium concentrations are low (median 8 m-equiv/1, range 3-58 m-equiv/1). The results indicate that in gastroenteritis the colon is responding homeostatically to a state of second...

Previous studies in both the rat (1, 2) and the dog (3) have demonstrated that chronic respiratory acidosis induces profound alterations in electrolyte balance, but little is known concerning the changes that occur when the stimulus of hypercapnia is withdrawn. The present experiments were undertaken in order to define the process of recovery, and to determine how it is influenced by the availa...