BACKGROUND AND AIMS Spatial (herkogamy) and temporal (dichogamy) separation of pollen presentation and stigma receptivity have been interpreted as reducing interference between male and female functions in hermaphroditic flowers. However, spatial separation leads to a potential conflict: reduced pollination accuracy, where pollen may be placed in a location on the pollinator different from the ...

Yield in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is affected by various factors reducing fertilization and fruit production such as: the protogynous dichogamy of flowers, deficient natural pollination, low pollen quality. The objective this study was to determine vitro differences quality nine ecotypes one cultivar A. from samples collected at female male phenological stages flowering. percentage ge...

The fitness of self-progeny individuals is inferior to that their outcrossed counterparts, resulting in a reduction plant population’s ability survive and reproduce. To prevent self‐fertilization, angiosperms with hermaphrodite flowers may exploit variety mechanisms, including synchronous dichogamy self-incompatibility. Synchronous involves two flowering morphs, strict within-morph synchronizat...