The design and synthesis of pyridinium-based symmetrical diamides 1 and 2 along with their anion binding studies through 'indicator-diplacement assay' are reported. Both the chemosensors effectively respond in in CH(3)CN-H(2)O (4 : 1 v/v) at pH = 6.3 for the selective naked-eye detection of citrate. Additionally, chemosensor 2 (c = 6.29 × 10(-3) M) forms a stable gel only with citrate in CH(3)C...

Ceramides play a crucial role in the barrier function of the skin as well as in transmembrane signaling. In this study long aliphatic chain tartaric acid diamides able to replace ceramides in an in vitro model of the stratum corneum lipid matrix due to their similar physico-chemical properties were synthesized from diacetoxysuccinic anhydride in four steps. Their pro-apoptotic effect on fibrobl...

A new condensation polymerization route leading to alternating polystannanes is presented. The stoichiometric reaction of tin dihydrides and tin diamides in diethyl ether or toluene under mild reaction conditions afforded three new moderate molecular weight alternating polystannanes, -[Ph2Sn-alt-Sn(n-Bu)2]n-, -[Ph2Sn-alt-SnMe2]n-, -[Me2Sn-alt-Sn(n-Bu)2]n-, in addition to a known homopolymer, -[...

BACKGROUND Although decoding the molecular mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance has often proven difficult, recent progress revealed that specific mutations in ryanodine receptor (RyR) of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, can confer to diamide insecticides. The extent which RyR contribute phenotype, associated genetic traits and fitness costs remain limited. RESULTS Three field-evo...

Different optically active amido esters, mixed acid esters, amido acids, and diamides derived from trans-cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid were prepared from the commercially available diethyl (±)-trans-cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylate. The key step was the Rhodococcus rhodochrous IFO 15564 catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding racemic amide. The amidase present in this microorganism showed ...

Laboratory and extended laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the residual toxicities of various insecticides against two key pests of cranberries, Sparganothis sulfureana and Choristoneura parallela (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and their non-target effects on the predatory Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). The effects of nine insecticides with different modes of action on S...

The reaction of tertiary, secondary and benzylic alcohols with different nitriles in the presence of alumina-methanesulfonic acid (AMA) as a new reagent affords the corresponding amides in good yields (Table 1, 2). Conversion of 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-halo anisoles into corresponding diamides in the range of 68-76% yields (Table 3) are also included in this paper.