Originally a definition of water quality for the semiconductor industry, the term ‘ultrapure’ has been adopted by the dialysis community. The discussion has developed from basic definitions and methods for quantification to clinical benefits and recommendations for implementation. Today, ultrapure dialysis fluid is subject to the demands of evidence-based medicine or at least evidence-based cos...

High-flux dialysis membranes used with bicarbonate dialysis fluid increase the risk of back diffusion of bacterial endotoxin into the blood during hemodialysis. Endotoxin transfer of various synthetic fiber membranes was tested with bacterial culture filtrates using an in vitro system testing both diffusive and convective conditions. Membranes were tested in a simulated dialysis mode with endot...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Double-chamber peritoneal dialysis fluids exert less toxicity by their neutral pH and reduced glucose degradation product content. The role of the buffer compound (lactate and bicarbonate) has not been defined in humans. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A multicenter randomized controlled trial in 37 children on automated peritoneal dialysis was performe...

Background: Accumulation or deficiency of trace elements can occur in hemodialysis patients and it increases risk of cardiovascular or other organs disorders. Special ions levels such as sodium and bicarbonate in dialysis fluid are accurately regulated but the remaining elements are not regularly measured. Aluminum and lead belong to the biologic performance free heavy metals .They also has a t...

The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining normal tissue hydration and serum sodium level. In haemodialysis patients, with impaired or absent kidney function, fluid status is managed by removing excess fluid using ultrafiltration and by restricting dietary sodium intake. Ideally, haemodialysis patients should remain close to normal hydration throughout the interdialytic period, with minimal p...

Patients with chronic renal failure treated by dialysis must often restrict their fluid intake. Children find this restriction one of the most difficult aspects of treatment by dialysis, particularly if dialysis was preceded by a phase of polyuria. As a result many children experience episodes of fluid overload, which may have fatal consequences. Fluid removal by dialysis may be slow to begin a...

Recent surveys of hemodialysis studies strongly support the fact that dialysis prescription is a modifiable risk factor. Six tracks to improve dialysis patient outcomes have been identified: change in vascular access option strategy and restricting catheter use; increasing time or frequency of dialysis sessions; assessment and management of fluid status; favoring removal of middle and large mol...

BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis is an important type of renal replacement therapy for uremic patients. In peritoneal dialysis, fluids fill in and flow out of the abdominal cavity three to five times per day. Usually, the fluid is packed in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bag. Safety concerns have arisen over di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which is essential in the formation of PVC materials. In 2011, t...

background: accumulation or deficiency of trace elements can occur in hemodialysis patients and it increases risk of cardiovascular or other organs disorders. special ions levels such as sodium and bicarbonate in dialysis fluid are accurately regulated but the remaining elements are not regularly measured. aluminum and lead belong to the biologic performance free heavy metals .they also has a t...