Detectability of discrete event systems (DESs) is a question whether the current and subsequent states can be determined based on observations. Shu and Lin designed a polynomial-time algorithm to check strong (periodic) detectability and an exponential-time (polynomialspace) algorithm to check weak (periodic) detectability. Zhang showed that checking weak (periodic) detectability is PSpace-comp...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to relate lesion detectability to image contrast and noise for fi ve diff erent PET scanners, by performing an observer study of thorax phantom images. Methods: A thorax phantom containing four fi llable spheres with diameters of 10, 13, 17 and 23 mm in the mediastinal region, as well as cold lung, liver and spine inserts, was fi lled with 20 MBq F. The activi...

Carcass persistence time and detectability are two main sources of uncertainty on roadkill surveys. In this study, we evaluate the influence of these uncertainties on roadkill surveys and estimates. To estimate carcass persistence time, three observers (including the driver) surveyed 114km by car on a monthly basis for two years, searching for wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC). Each survey cons...

We propose here a new concept of peptide detectability which could be an important factor in explaining the relationship between a protein's quantity and the peptides identified from it in a high-throughput proteomics experiment. We define peptide detectability as the probability of observing a peptide in a standard sample analyzed by a standard proteomics routine and argue that it is an intrin...

Peptide detectability is defined as the probability that a peptide is identified in an LC-MS/MS experiment and has been useful in providing solutions to protein inference and label-free quantification. Previously, predictors for peptide detectability trained on standard or complex samples were proposed. Although the models trained on complex samples may benefit from the large training data sets...

We study the complexity of deciding whether a modular discrete event system is detectable (resp. opaque, A-diagnosable). Detectability arises in the state estimation of discrete event systems, opacity is related to the privacy and security analysis, and A-diagnosability appears in the fault diagnosis of stochastic discrete event systems. Previously, deciding weak detectability (opacity, A-diagn...

We propose an estimation method of pedestrian detectability considering the driver’s visual adaptation to illumination change. Since it is important for driver assistance systems to determine if a driver is perceiving a pedestrian or not, estimation of pedestrian detectability by the driver is required. However, previous studies do not consider drastic illumination changes that degrades the det...

The Chow-Willsky scheme is a design method for residual generation. Here an extension to the Chow-Willsky scheme, called the ULPE scheme, is presented. The ULPE scheme is shown to be able to generate all possible residual generators for both discrete and continuous linear systems. It is also shown that previous extensions to the Chow-Willsky scheme do not have this capability. Two new straightf...

To determine the factors influencing the degree of detectability of lesions and diffusion background signals on magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in invasive breast cancer.Institutional review board approval was obtained and patient consent was waived. Patients with newly diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma, who underwent preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging with DWI...