The impact on human life and health was massive. The death toll was 15 839 – second only to the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923. As of 29 November, the missing individuals numbered 3632, while the injured totaled 5950.1 Power, gas and water supplies were disrupted in many areas for several days and weeks. Roads, railways, airports and infrastructures were severely damaged. More than 930 000 buil...

An important part of a city, that gives it sense community and character, is its history. One way acknowledging this heritage by preserving historic building structures. Old buildings are witnesses to the aesthetic cultural history helping give people place connection past. Unfortunately, despite their importance within historical most time subject demolition be replaced- leaving behind stories...

In this paper, the authors present a recent integrated survey carried out on an archaeological urban site, generally free of buildings, except some temporary structures related to excavated areas where multi-chamber tombs were found. The two methods used to investigate this site were thermal infrared and ground penetrating radar (GPR). The thermography was carried out with the sensor mounted un...

Ancient construction and artistic decoration of buildings in European countries as well Ukraine have similarities styles, materials. The planning principles urban development Europe similar roots the styles dating back to times ancient Greece Rome, which been preserved our time. These classicism Gothic, baroque renaissance perfectly harmoniously combine with each other are complemented by moder...

In the past 25 years, rising of the Caspian Sea level, part of a natural treat to the sea, has inundated and destroyed many buildings and arable lands and threatened many inhabitations in coastal areas. The main reason for these damages is that the law-setback has lost its efficiency and human activities have proceeded seaward. The goal of this study is to introduce a proper setback line for th...

Effective maintenance of ancient buildings is paid more and attention worldwide. Many with high inheritance value were gradually destroyed, especially for murals in the open tombs. The bioaerosol particles (BPs) are major source contamination visitor walking could increase this hazard. In order to study impact visitors on air flow distribution BPs typical tomb chambers, k-ε Lagrangian discrete ...

This study reevaluates the history of building damage and loss of life due to bushfire (wildfire) in Australia since 1925 in light of the 2009 Black Saturday fires in Victoria in which 173 people lost their lives and 2298 homes were destroyed along with many other structures. Historical records are normalized to estimate building damage and fatalities had events occurred under the societal cond...

in the past 25 years, rising of the caspian sea level, part of a natural treat to the sea, has inundated and destroyed many buildings and arable lands and threatened many inhabitations in coastal areas. the main reason for these damages is that the law-setback has lost its efficiency and human activities have proceeded seaward. the goal of this study is to introduce a proper setback line for th...