an important determinant of health system performance is contracting. providers often respond to financial incentives, despite the ethical underpinnings of medicine, and payers can craft contracts to influence performance. yet contracting is highly imperfect in both single-payer and multi-payer health systems. arguably, in a competitive, multi-payer environment, contractual innovation may occur...

in business format franchising agreements, franchisee, while dependent to other party of the contract (franchisor), follows the method of business belonging to franchisor. franchisee use of the system leads to many obligations such as payment of franchise fees, secrecy of know how, non competition and making available all necessary factors to use the system. irrespective of the law which govern...

The question arising in the legal literature about nature of culpa contrahendo has no unambiguous interpre-tation. Such different approaches to its definition as contractual, quasi-contractual or tort liability are due degree development concept systems European states. Civil Code Republic Belarus prescribes certain provisions on pre–contractual context law obligations, and consequences associa...

the current paper aims to examine the liability observed in sphere of presentation of goods and services with the infraction of special codes and regulations related to advertising or general codes or regulations of liability with contractual or non-contractual basis. specifically, there are not any mentions about all kinds of these liabilities in the rules of iran. the current research, which ...

in state-investor dispute, investor tends that umbrella clause transfers all contractual claims to treaty claims. by contracts, state follows narrow interpretation of this clause. up to ilc articles, establishing of responsibility of state for breach of contract requires tow preconditions. first state is merely responsible when state condoct has been of governmental nature and second is that br...

An important determinant of health system performance is contracting. Providers often respond to financial incentives, despite the ethical underpinnings of medicine, and payers can craft contracts to influence performance. Yet contracting is highly imperfect in both single-payer and multi-payer health systems. Arguably, in a competitive, multi-payer environment, contractual innovation may occur...

We provide experimental evidence that contractual incompleteness, i.e., the absence of third party enforcement of workers’ effort or the quality of the good traded, causes a fundamental change in the nature of market interactions. If contracts are complete the vast majority of trades are initiated by public offers. Most trades take place in one-shot transactions and the contracting parties are ...

the conditions of the force majeure play an important role for the impact of this factor to be recognized in the people’s responsibility. studying the new practices of the french cour de cassation and the approaches of the legal writers are indicative of new approaches towards two elements of unforseeability and being of an external nature in the non-contractual obligations. therefore, unforsea...