The carbamate pesticide, aldicarb, demonstrates significant acute toxicity in mammals, birds, and fish through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and may present high potential for exposure of aquatic organisms during periods of runoff. Toxicity studies have shown that channel catfish are less sensitive to the acute toxic effects of aldicarb than are rainbow trout or bluegill. An ea...

background: in recent years, silver nanoparticles due to their antimicrobial properties, have formed about 56% of nanoparticles global production. since the released nanoparticles ultimately enter water ecosystems, their maximum toxic effects are magnified in aquatic ecosystems. the aim of this study is to show how salinity can decrease the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on exposed rainb...

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) phenanthrene and retene (7-isopropyl-1-methyl phenanthrene) are lethal to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae during chronic exposures. Phenanthrene is a low-toxicity, non-cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-inducing compound that accumulates in fish tissues during exposure to lethal concentrations in water. Retene is a higher toxicity CYP1A-inducing com...

BACKGROUND: DT diaphorase (DTD; NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase; EC 1.6.99.2) catalyses the two electron reduction of quinones, thus preventing redox cycling and consequently quinone dependent production of reactive oxygen species. In rat and mouse, a wide range of chemicals including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, azo dyes and quinones induces DTD. Bifunctional compounds, such as beta-naphthoflavon...

The mechanism for acute toxicity of lead (Pb) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated at Pb concentrations close to the 96 h LC50 of 1.0 mg dissolved Pb l(-1) (0.8-1.4, 95% C.I.) determined in dechlorinated Hamilton city tap water (from Lake Ontario, hardness=140 mg l(-1) CaCO(3)). Tissue Pb accumulation associated with death was highest in the gill, followed by kidney and liver...

Laboratory and in-stream enclosure experiments were used to determine whether rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss influence survival of longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae. In the laboratory, adult rainbow trout preyed on longnose dace in 42% of trials and juvenile rainbow trout did not prey on longnose dace during the first 6 h after rainbow trout introduction. Survival of longnose dace did not...

Rainbow trout embryos and larvae were exposed to 0, 0.1, and 1 microg/L total silver (as AgNO3) in water of three different hardnesses (soft water [2 mg/L as CaCO3], moderately hard water [150 mg/L], and hard water [400 mg/L]) in a flow-through system from fertilization to swim-up (64 d). The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of water hardness on chronic silver toxicity. In ...

The purpose of this toxicity test was to determine the reliability and comparability of Cu++ toxicity on Gammarus fasciatus. The study was conducted to compare toxicity results for Rainbow trout, Salmo ~airdneri Richardson, another coldwater poikilotherm. Since G. fasciatus comprises a major portion of the diet of many freshwater fishes, it can be stated to be an "important" species (PATRICK et...

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to 1.5 and 15% v/v secondary treated sewage effluent for 32 weeks in flow-through mesocosms. The exposure encompassed the full period of reproductive development for rainbow trout. Trout did not show any evidence of a dose-dependent change in growth. Fish exposed to 15% effluent were the only group to show mortality (5%) over the duration of the ...

the objective of this study was to compare growth performance and feed conversion ratios of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) juveniles in monoculture and duo-culture in freshwater and seawater under aquarium conditions. the fish were about 2-months old hatchery-reared brook and rainbow trout with initial weights of 0.934±0.033 (n=360) and 1.014±0.019 (...