Recently, local melting of the particle surfaces confirmed the formation of spark and plasma during spark plasma sintering, which explains the rapid densification mechanism via liquid. A model for rapid densification of flash sintered ceramics by liquid film capillary was presented, where liquid film forms by local melting at the particle contacts, due to Joule heating followed by thermal runaw...

This paper established a necessary condition for the sintering of powder compacts by examining the total free energy balance in terms of the particle size, neck size and contact number. The thermodynamic analysis of the proposed model clarifies the relation of shrinkage (q) of powder compact-contact angle (f)-relative density at a given dihedral angle (fe) of a grain boundary. Faster densificat...

The effects of calcium fluoride (CaF2) additions on the densification and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite–zirconia composites (HA–ZrO2) were investigated. When small amount of CaF2 was added, the density of the composites was markedly enhanced. The reactions of HA with CaF2, which led to the formation of fluorapatite (FA), were attributed to the observed improvements in densification. W...

Size reduction and densification of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock play a crucial role in the preprocessing and supply of biomass. Size reduction is an operation where the size distribution of biomass particles is adapted to a level determined by its final use. The purpose of densification is to increase the bulk and inherent energy density of the biomass feedstock, allowing optimization of ...

Densification of cuboidal micrometer-sized lithium fluoride particles as ductile ceramic by spark plasma sintering (SPS) was investigated. Specimens were fabricated at different pressures and temperature conditions, ranging from 2 to 100 MPa at 500 C and from 200 to 700 C under 100 MPa of applied pressure, respectively. Dense specimens of 99 % relative density were fabricated by heating to 500 ...

Densification of oxide glasses at the glass transition offers a novel route to develop bulk glasses with tailored properties for emerging applications. Such densification can be achieved in the technologically relevant pressure regime of up to ~1 GPa. However, the present understanding of the composition–structure–property relationships governing these glasses is limited, with key questions, e....

In this study the effect of nano meter size ZrO2 particles on the microstructure, densification and hydration resistance of magnesite –dolomite refractories was investigated. 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt. % ZrO2 particles that were added to magnesite –dolomite refractories containing 35 wt. % CaO. The Hydration resistance was measured by change in the weight of specimens after 72 h at 25℃ an...

Modelling the mechanical response of silica glass is still challenging, due to the lack of knowledge concerning the elastic properties of intermediate states of densification. An extensive Brillouin Light Scattering study on permanently densified silica glasses after cold compression in diamond anvil cell has been carried out, in order to deduce the elastic properties of such glasses and to pro...

In solid biofuel manufacture technological and material variables influence the densification process and thus also the final briquette quality. The impact of these technological variables, especially compression pressure and compression temperature, and also of the material parameters (particle size and moisture content) can generally be observed during biomass densification in the quality ind...

The effects of powder particle size on the densification and microstructure of iron powder in the direct laser sintering process were investigated. Iron powders with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 200 m were used. It was found that the sintered density increases as the laser energy input is increased. There is, however, a saturation level at which higher density cannot be obtained even at ve...