For a service provider facing stochastic demand growth, expansion lead times and economies of scale complicate the expansion timing and sizing decisions. We formulate a model to minimize the infinite horizon expected discounted expansion cost under a service level constraint. The service level is defined as the proportion of demand over an expansion cycle that is satisfied by available capacity...

Tooth root crack is considered as one of the crucial causes of failure in the gearing system and it occurs at the tooth root due to an excessive bending stress developed in the root region. The modern power transmission gear drives demand high bending load capacity, increased contact load capacity, low weight, reduced noise and longer life. These subsequent conditions are satisfied by the aid o...

This paper studies a capacity management problem in which a facility provider offers its facility to two service providers. The facility provider can either pool the service providers together to share the facility or reserve a dedicated facility for the service providers. The service providers determine their service capacity levels to serve each market with linear time-sensitive demand. We as...

the basic strategy of reduce the ductility demand and related concentrated tensions at moment resistance connections is reduce the section of the beam at connected region to column. by this method plastic hinge done at the reduced cross section and this local reduction decreases the demand of the components of connection. on this basis, in present study a new beam-to-column moment connection wi...

In this paper we investigate the factors contributing to the fall in the Lerner Index (price-cost margin) in the British electricity market during the 90s. A first stage of our analysis models the number of breaks in the Lerner Index and their dating as unknowns. Our results suggest the existence of one structural break in the time series of the Lerner Index. The break point interval includes t...

We study a firm's optimal strategy to adjust its capacity using demand information. The capacity adjustment is costly and often subject to managerial hurdles which sometimes make it difficult to adjust capacity multiple times. In order to clearly analyze the impact of demand learning on the firm's decision, we study two scenarios. In the first scenario, the firm's capacity adjustment cost incre...

Activity-related dyspnoea is the most common symptom of patients with chronic lung diseases and underpins perceived poor health status. Our understanding of the nature and source of dyspnoea continues to grow but successful amelioration of this distressing symptom can remain elusive, especially in those with advanced lung diseases. According to Norman Jones, the great Canadian physiologist, “br...

Rapid urbanization and increasing demand for transportation burdens urban road infrastructures. The interplay of number of vehicles and available road capacity on their routes determines the level of congestion. Although approaches to modify demand and capacity exist, the possible limits of congestion alleviation by only modifying route choices have not been systematically studied. Here we coup...