Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal, which will pollute the soil and affect growth development of plants. Grafting can alleviate toxicity metals. Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) commonly-used grafting rootstock for melon plants, breeding with cadmium tolerance plays vital role in safe production In this study, pumpkin MB3, FB1 their hybrid F1 ZF1 were used as experimental materials. The substrate ...

Trees are exposed to a variety of pathogenic fungi. The defense response toward a biotroph may require a different strategy that toward a necrotroph. To understand the key processes of defense responses toward pathogenic fungi in aspen (Populus tremulae) at the transcript level we inoculated clones of this species with a foliar rust on the leaves and a necrotroph in the bark. Leaf samples were ...

Abstract Background Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating plant defense system to strengthen resistance. Results In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented identify altered metabolites transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (...

HIT is caused by antibodies specific to PF4/heparin complexes. In this issue of Blood, Krauel et al report novel findings supporting the hypothesis that primary synthesis of these antibodies results from bacterial infections. HIT, therefore, appears to be a misdirected antibacterial host defense response.

We established a new plant defense response assay using a transient expression system in rice protoplasts. The assay system sensitively detected defense induction by flagellin, which had previously been assigned to a specific elicitor. Our assay system provides a rapid and efficient way to dissect rice defense mechanisms.