A multi-tube, spirally-wound, cryogenic heat exchanger, the main heat exchanger (MHE) is the principal piece of heat-transfer equipment in mixed-refrigerant liquefaction cycles for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG). An MHE unit operation model called the spirally-wound tube-bundle module was developed as an integral component of the dynamic simulation capabilities for a process modeling pac...

Succinic acid is an important C4-building chemical platform for many applications. A novel succinic acid-producing bacterial strain was isolated from goat rumen. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence and physiological analysis indicated that the strain belongs to the genus Enterobacter. This is the first report of a wild bacterial strain from the genus Enterobacter that is capabl...

For energy saving retrofit projects, its economics are usually evaluated in terms of capital investment and payback time. The capital investment is in direct relation to the total heat recovery area of the network and the payback time factor is base on both the area and the energy savings. The debottlenecking is an increased throughput, which can be profitable in economic sense. The combination...

Customer valuations are not just about service quality but also process efficiency. As a result organisations need to continuously reassess their business processes in order to improve their operations and service delivery to their customers. Conveyancing deals with the exchange of immovable property. Although conveyancing processes are wider in context than conventional organisational-level bu...

Process simulators are a key software tool used in the fluid processing industries for day to day process calculations, for process design, for process optimization and for the debottlenecking of existing processes. Current commercial process simulators do not provide the simulator’s source code; the users must rely on a closed black-box approach for the unit process models. This historical app...

Lignocellulosic residues have been receiving growing interest as a promising source of polysaccharides, which can be converted into variety compounds, ranging from biofuels to bioplastics. Most these replace equivalent products traditionally originated petroleum, hence representing an important environmental advantage. materials are theoretically unlimited, cheaper and may not compete with food...

Optimizing or debottlenecking existing production plants is a challenging task. In this case study, an reversed phased chromatography polishing step for peptide purification was optimized with the help of digital twin. The batch depicted digitally general rate model. Model parameter determination and model validation done dedicated experiments. twin then used to identify process variants, espec...