This paper proposes a virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT) method that can compensate for a dead zone. To this end, first, by focusing on the control error, we modify the performance index such that it is minimized in VRFT. Then, we present analysis results pertaining to the optimality conditions and their related filters in the modified VRFT method. Next, a VRFT method with dead-zone compe...

A compensation scheme is presented to compensate the effect of dead-zone nonlinearity in a class of uncertain discrete-time nonlinear systems. Chebyshev Neural Network (CNN) is utilized to compensate the dead-zone nonlinearity and the unknown nonlinear functions are also approximated. The control design is attained by introducing dead-zone nonlinearity and using it in the controller design with...

The disposed wastes of zinc industries contain large amounts of heavy metals such as Pb2+ and Cd2+. These elements are considered as hazardous elements to human beings and other organisms. This study aims at introducing the fungal isolates that evolved to be compatible with waste deposits during the time and can absorb Pb2+ and Cd2+ions. During the spring and autumn in 2011, eight samples of se...

the disposed wastes of zinc industries contain large amounts of heavy metals such as pb2+ and cd2+. these elements are considered as hazardous elements to human beings and other organisms. this study aims at introducing the fungal isolates that evolved to be compatible with waste deposits during the time and can absorb pb2+ and cd2+ions. during the spring and autumn in 2011, eight samples of se...

A new adaptive fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed for plants with unknown and/or time-varying dead zones. The steady-state control resolutions with perturbing action, which are different from the ones in the transient states, are used to cancel out the unknown and/or time-varying dead-zone effects. Automatically adjusted control resolutions play a key role as a fuzzy dead-zone inverse. Th...

This paper proposes a simultaneous tuning method for PID controllers and dead-zone compensators based on particle swarm optimization. By the proposed algorithm, PID gains and dead-zone parameters are tuned online to minimize the error between the control output and the reference input. However, since ultrasonic motors intrinsically have a varying dead-zone in the control input associated with a...

This paper introduces a new-type Phase-Frequency Detector (PFD) for Charge-Pump based Phase-Looked-loops (CPPLLs). Dead zone in a phase-frequency detector reduces the input detection range and make worse cycle slips. This brief analyzes the blind zone in latch-based PFDs and proposes a technique that removes the blind zone caused by the pre-charge time of the internal nodes. With the proposed t...

Microbial cells have been successfully used as biosorbents to remove heavy metals from wastewater. In some cases, dead cells appear to offer more advantages than living cells in the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. Maintaining higher biosorption capability and understanding t...

Dead zone characteristics exist in many physical components of control systems. They are nonlinear features particularly in direct current (DC) motor position tracking control systems, mainly caused by the uncertain time-varying nonlinear friction. They can severely limit the control performance owing to their non-smooth nonlinearities. However, dead zone characteristics usually are not easy to...

Abstract. This work presents a cascade controller for the trajectory tracking control of a hydraulic actuator by using adaptive algorithms to deal with parametric uncertainties together with an adaptive dead-zone compensation scheme. The hydraulic actuator is modeled as a forth order nonlinear system including the valve dynamic as a first order linear system and considering a valve with a dead-...