In this paper we investigates time delay and channel gain estimation for multipath fading Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals using the second order Divided Difference Filter (DDF). Given the nonlinear dependency of the channel parameters on the received signals in multiuser/multipath scenarios, we show that the DDF achieves better performance than its linear counterparts. The DDF, whi...

Intermolecular multiple quantum coherences generated by distant dipolar field (DDF) have some attractive properties, but the intrinsic weak signal intensity prevents their widespread applications. Recently, Branca et al. (J Chem Phys 2008;129:054502) suggested that square wave DDF was more efficient than conventional sinusoidal DDF because it could simultaneously produce intermolecular multiple...

XML, XSLT, SVG, document construction, functional programming The Document Description Framework (DDF) is a representation for variable-data documents. It supports very high flexibility in the type and extent of variation supported, considerably beyond the 'copy-hole' or flow-based mechanisms of existing formats and tools. DDF is based on holding application data, logical data structure and pre...

Our article proposes an application of the Directional Distance Function (DDF) approach to the fixed telecommunication field. In particular, we present an efficiency evaluation of European fixed telecom operators, where the DDF tool allows for asymmetric treatment of outputs characterized by a different degree of desirability: broadband lines (a market still in expansion, related to a welfare-i...

Introduction: The population of Venus impact craters is rather small (about 1000). About 10% of all craters have distinctive associated dark diffuse features (DDF) like parabolas or halos. Such craters are thought to be the youngest on the planet [1,2]. The DDF are interpreted as surface deposits of loose material (dust) formed by the impact. DDF change their form with geological time and disap...

The theoretical foundations of a statistical spray modeling approach based on the droplet distribution function ~ddf!, which was originally proposed by Williams @Phys. Fluids 1, 541 ~1958!#, are established. The equation governing the ddf evolution is derived using an alternative approach. The unclosed terms in the ddf evolution equation are precisely defined, and the regime of applicability of...

The dynamic dataflow (DDF) domain in Ptolemy is a superset of the synchronous dataflow (SDF) and Boolean dataflow (BDF) domains. In the SDF domain, a star consumes and produces a fixed number of particles per invocation (or “firing”). This static information (the number of particles produced or consumed for each star) makes possible compile-time scheduling. In the BDF domain, some actors with d...

The conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) assumes that the inputs and outputs are real values. However, in many real world instances, some inputs and outputs must be in integer values. While integer-valued DEA models have been proposed, the current paper develops an integer-valued DEA super-efficiency model. Super-efficiency DEA models are known to have the problem of infeasibility. Rece...

Equine digital flexor muscles have independent tendons but nearly identical mechanical relationship to the main joint they act upon. Yet these muscles have remarkable diversity in architecture, ranging from long, unipennate fibers (‘short’ compartment of DDF) to very short, multipennate fibers (SDF). To investigate the functional relevance of the form of the digital flexor muscles, fiber contra...

Savannakhet Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), is a small area that is connected to Thailand, other areas of Lao PDR, and Vietnam via road No. 9. This province has been increasingly affected by carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from the transport corridors that have been developed across the region. To determine the effect of the CO2 increases caused by deforestation and emissions, th...