Structurally, Group 1 LILR (Leukocyte Immunoglobulin (Ig)-Like Receptor, also known as Ig-like transcripts, ILT; Leukocyte Ig-like receptor, LIR; and CD85) members are very similar in terms of the HLAIs (human leukocyte antigen class I molecules) binding region and were hypothesized that they all bind to HLAIs. As one of the Group 1 LILRs, LILRA3 is the only secretory LILR and may greatly contr...

In the context of the degree/diameter problem for directed graphs, it is known that the number of vertices of a strongly connected bipartite digraph satisfies a Moore-like bound in terms of its diameter k and the maximum out-degrees (d1; d2) of its partite sets of vertices. It has been proved that, when d1d2 > 1, the digraphs attaining such a bound, called Moore bipartite digraphs, only exist w...

Cantor’s diagonalization idea: reminder. Most mathematicians are familiar with diagonalization from Cantor’s proof that the set of all real numbers is not countable. Indeed, if it was countable, i.e., if we could enumerate all (decimal) real numbers d1d2 . . . di.f1 . . . fj . . . into a sequence d (k) 1 d (k) 2 . . . d (k) i .f (k) 1 . . . f (k) j . . ., k = 1, 2, . . ., then we would be able ...

Let G be a finite abelian group of order n. For a complex valued function f on G let f̂ denote the Fourier transform of f . The classical uncertainty inequality asserts that if f 6= 0 then |supp(f)| · |supp(f̂)| ≥ |G| . (1) Answering a question of Terence Tao, the following improvement of (1) is shown: Theorem: Let d1 < d2 be two consecutive divisors of n. If d1 ≤ k = |supp(f)| ≤ d2 then |supp(f̂)...

BACKGROUND Dexamethasone (Dex) has been used to reduce inflammation in preterm infants with assistive ventilation and to prevent chronic lung diseases. However, Dex treatment results in adverse effects on the brain. Since the hippocampus contains a high density of glucocorticoid receptors (GCRs), we hypothesized that Dex affects neurogenesis in the hippocampus through inflammatory mediators. ...

Four different strategies of pulping and bleaching were carried out to develop alternative mechanistic ecoenvironmental friendly approaches and generated effluent was characterised. Strategy-I included Phanerochaete sp. fungal pretreatment followed by conventional bleaching, whereas in strategy-II, fungal pretreatment was followed by enzyme xylanase aided bleaching. Strategy-III also included x...

Let R be a commutative ring with 1 and M an m×m matrix over R. We say that M has a Smith normal form (SNF) over R if there exist matrices P,Q ∈ SL(m,R) (so detP = detQ = 1) such that PMQ is a diagonal matrix diag(d1, d2, . . . , dm) with di | di+1 (1 ≤ i ≤ m − 1) in R. It is wellknown that if R is an integral domain and if the SNF of M exists, then it is unique up to multiplication of each di b...

CD45 is the prototypic member of transmembrane receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) and has essential roles in immune functions. The cytoplasmic region of CD45, like many other RPTPs, contains two homologous protein tyrosine phosphatase domains, active domain 1 (D1) and catalytically impaired domain 2 (D2). Here, we report crystal structure of the cytoplasmic D1D2 segment of huma...

Human interleukin 5 receptor alpha (IL5Ralpha) comprises three fibronectin type III domains (D1, D2, and D3) in the extracellular region. Previous results have indicated that residues in the D1D2 domains are crucial for high affinity interaction with human interleukin 5 (IL5). Yet, it is the D2D3 domains that have sequence homology with the classic cytokine recognition motif that is generally a...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that are found in almost all of the eukaryotes. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) miRNAs are processed from primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs), mainly by the ribonuclease III-like enzyme DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) and its specific partner, HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1), a double-strand RNA-binding protein, both of which contain two doublestrand RNA-binding ...