In planta analysis of protein function in a crop plant could lead to improvements in understanding protein structure/function relationships as well as selective agronomic or end product quality improvements. The requirements for successful in planta analysis are a high mutation rate, an efficient screening method, and a trait with high heritability. Two ideal targets for functional analysis are...

Grain hardness is an important quality trait that influences product development in wheat. This trait is governed by variation in puroindoline proteins (PINA and PINB). Our study evaluated 551 Indian wheat germplasm lines for diversity in Pina and Pinb genes. Eighty-two lines were shortlisted for full length sequencing and grain hardness studies. Sequencing studies identified six unknown allele...

Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb), together make up the functional components of the wheat grain hardness locus (Ha) and have antimicrobial properties. The antifungal activity of puroindoline proteins, PINA and PINB, has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. In this study, Pina and Pinb were introduced into corn under the control of a corn Ubiquitin promoter. Two Pina⁄Pinb expression–posit...

Grain produced from doubled-haploid (DH) wheat lines, developed fromahardand a softgrained wheat cultivar, were bulked according to Pinb (puroindoline b) genotypes for an assessment of Chinese fresh noodle texture by a trained taste panel. Each DH line was designated as ‘soft’ or ‘hard’ grained, based on a PCR amplification of the wildtype, soft allele, or the mutant, hard allele. Theoretically...

Inversional switching systems in procaryotes are composed of an invertible DNA segment and a site-specific recombinase gene adjacent to or contained in the segment. Four related but functionally distinct systems have previously been characterized in detail: the Salmonella typhimurium H segment-hin gene (H-hin), phage Mu G-gin, phage P1 C-cin, and Escherichia coli e14 P-pin. In this article we r...

In this talk, we review our recent work about the dynamical studies of Z+(4430) and X(3872). Z+(4430) can not be explained as a D1D ∗ or D1D∗ molecular state only considering one pion exchange potential without the cutoff, which needs to be confirmed by introducing sigma exchange potential and adding the cutoff in the effective potential. One also excludes the possibility of X(3872) as a DD∗ mo...

A unique class of β-boron-functionalized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound (pinB-NSAID) was previously synthesized via copper-catalyzed 1,2-difunctionalization the respective vinyl arene with CO2 and B2pin2 reagents. Here, pinacolylboron-functionalized ibuprofen (pinB-ibuprofen) used as a model substrate to develop conditions for pinacol deprotection subsequent boron functionalization. I...