As global competition intensifies, research and development (R & D) organizations need to enhance their strategic management in order to become goal-directed communities for innovation and allocate their resources consistent with their overall R & D strategy. The world pharmaceutical market has undergone fast, unprecedented, tremendous and complex changes in the last several years. The pharmace...

background: atopic dermatitis is a public health problem worldwide. increment of reactive oxygen species (ros) produc­tion may be one of the contributing factors of tissue damage in atopic dermatitis. the present study was designed to deter­mine the effect of vitamins e and/or d on erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in patients with atopic dermati­tis. methods: in a random...

this paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. at first, the effects of r&d; activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has sur...