sergentomyia sintoni is the natural vector of sauroleishmania species of lizards. this sandfly isabundance in and around the burrows of great gerbils. s. sintoni was collected from peridomestic animalshelters, inside and around houses and also from the nearby burrows of the gerbil reservoir hosts,rhombomys opimus, in several provinces of iran. mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) of sandflies, wh...

AtCBR, a cDNA encoding NADH-cytochrome (Cyt) b5 reductase, and AtB5-A and AtB5-B, two cDNAs encoding Cyt b5, were isolated from Arabidopsis. The primary structure deduced from the AtCBR cDNA was 40% identical to those of the NADH-Cyt b5 reductases of yeast and mammals. A recombinant AtCBR protein prepared using a baculovirus system exhibited typical spectral properties of NADH-Cyt b5 reductase ...

The interaction of cytochrome c (cyt c) with poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic acid) (PIMA) and poly(1-tetradecene-alt-maleic acid) (PTMA) was studied using circular dichroism, absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy to investigate the electrostatic and hydrophobic influence of the copolymers on the structure of cyt c. At pH 7.4, the interaction of PIMA with cyt c can only partly disturb...

Reactive halogen species (RHS; X(2) and HOX, where X represents Cl, Br, or I) are metabolites mediated by neutrophil activation and its accompanying respiratory burst. We have investigated the interaction between RHS and mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) by using electrospray mass spectrometry and electron spin resonance (ESR). When the purified cyt c was reacted with an excess amount of hypoc...

cytochrome-c (cyt-c) is an electron transport protein, and it is present throughout the evolution. more than 280 sequences have been reported in the protein sequence database (www.uniprot.org). though sequentially diverse, cyt-c has essentially retained its tertiary structure or fold. thus a vast data set of varied sequences with retention of similar structure and function makes it a primary ca...

9 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 11 Structure of cytochrome c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Phospholipid binding by cyt c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Cyt c in apoptosis . ....

Photosynthetic (Ps) growth of purple non-sulfur bacteria such as Rhodobacter capsulatus depends on the cyclic electron transfer (ET) between the ubihydroquinone (QH2): cytochrome (cyt) c oxidoreductases (cyt bc1 complex), and the photochemical reaction centers (RC), mediated by either a membrane-bound (cyt c(y)) or a freely diffusible (cyt c2) electron carrier. Previously, we constructed a func...

Membrane association of cytochrome c (cyt c) was monitored by the efficiency of resonance energy transfer from a pyrene-fatty acid containing phospholipid derivative (1-palmitoyl-2[6-(pyren-1-yl)]hexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PPHPC)) to the heme of cyt c. Liposomes consisted of 85 mol% egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), 10 mol% cardiolipin, and 5 mol% PPHPC. Cardiolipin was necessary for...

The cytochrome bc (cyt bc) complexes are involved in Q-cycling; they oxidize membrane quinols by high-potential electron acceptors, such as cytochromes or plastocyanin, and generate transmembrane proton gradient. In several prokaryotic lineages, and also in plant chloroplasts, the catalytic core of the cyt bc complexes is built of a four-helical cytochrome b (cyt b) that contains three hemes, a...

An early event in the induction of apoptosis is cytochrome c (Cyt c) release from mitochondria. We investigated the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and mitochondrial swelling in Cyt c release from mitochondria treated with alloxan and/or calcium (Ca). When mitochondria were treated with a high concentration of Ca alone or Ca with alloxan (alloxan-Ca), the MPT was acco...