Population One hundred and forty-nine postmenopausal women without previous venous thromboembolic disease. Methods Prothrombin fragment 1þ2 (F1þ2), fibrin degradation products, antithrombin, protein C, total protein S and activated protein C-normalised ratio were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of HRT in six groups of healthy postmenopausal women: (A) no HRT (reference group), (B...

Recent reports have indicated that the prior metabolism of testosterone by the secondary sexual tissues may be necessary for its androgenic effect. The effects of two anti-androgens, diethylstilboestrol and cyproterone acetate (17alpha-acetoxy-6-chloro-1,2alpha-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione) used in the chemotherapy of human prostatic carcinoma, have been examined on both the metabolism ...

Endocrine disruption compounds (EDC) are known to affect reproduction, development, and growth of exposed organisms. Although in vertebrates, EDCs mainly act through steroid receptors (e.g. androgen estrogen receptors), their absence many invertebrates suggests the involvement another biological pathway endocrine effects. As retinoid signaling is present almost all Metazoa its gastropods (i.e. ...

BACKGROUND In advanced prostate cancer, androgen suppression (AS) by surgery or drugs controls testicular hormone secretion, and the further addition of an antiandrogen such as nilutamide, flutamide, or cyproterone acetate is referred to as maximum androgen blockade (MAB). The aim of this overview was to compare the effects on the duration of survival of MAB and of AS alone. METHODS The colla...

In whole cells, the effects of several androgens and antiandrogens on the in the induction of DNA binding for the human wild-type androgen receptor (AR) and a mutant receptor ARL (LNCaP mutation; codon 868, Thr to Ala) were examined and related to the transcription activation ability of these receptors. To study DNA binding, an AR expression vector was cotransfected in Chinese hamster ovary cel...