In the International trade of the commodities, the rate of customs duties and other local duties are determined on the basis of World Customs Organization (WCO) approved HS classification that is followed in most of the countries. Since the classification is based on a number of rules that are subjected to different interpretation, disputes may arise between the customs department and the impor...

Millions of shipping containers filled with goods move around the world every day. Before such a container may enter a trade bloc, the customs agency of the goods’ destination country must ensure that it does not contain illegal or mislabeled goods. Due to the high volume of containers, customs agencies make a selection of containers to audit through a risk analysis procedure. Customs agencies ...

This research paper explores the current state of play regarding crossborder trade and logistics operations in Switzerland, aiming to identify opportunities to reduce costs and to improve efficiencies in cross-border supply chains, covering procedures, tools and services associated with import, export and transit procedures. The study present the following conclusions and recommendations: Inter...

For many years, the University of Auckland has been involved with the staffing problems faced by NZ Customs at Auckland International Airport. To date, the shift generation phase of this work has been implemented using heuristics that attempt to capture many of the non-linearities associated with Customs quality measure. This project develops improved linear programming based tools to generate ...

The operation of a port, including its customs import processes, is an instance of a complex socio-technical system with multiple stakeholders. In order to provide insight for policy analysis, we posit the appropriateness of agent-based modelling techniques for the simulation of potential anticorruption policies in the maritime customs context. We outline the design of an agent-based simulation...

Growing trade volumes and increased security, health and financial control regulations require customs administrations to change their working practices worldwide. An existing dilemma however, is that governments would like on the one hand to reduce the administrative burden for businesses and on the other hand to increase security and control. The traditional single side power-posing by custom...

In recent years, three types of linacs have been developed for large container inspection for customs application, viz., S-Band 9MeV travelling-wave (TW) linacs, S-Band 6MeV Standing-wave (SW) linacs and XBand 2.5MeV (SW) linacs. In cooperation with Tsinghua Tongfang Co. Ltd, a series of container inspection systems has been produced. Seven sets of large container inspection systems with 9MeV T...

This paper deals with a smuggling game with multiple stages, in which Customs and a smuggler participate. Customs and the smuggler are allowed to take an action of patrol and smuggling, respectively, within the limited number of chances. Customs obtains reward by the capture of the smuggler and the smuggler gets reward by the success of smuggling. The reward or the payoff of the game is brought...