Squares as urban spaces are the arena for people formed by physical proportions and variety offunctions such as religious, commercial, cultural, etc. Shohada square as a focal point in Mashhad , is one of themain arteries of access to Holly shrine of Imam Reza and makes access to utilities and major axes . According tothe former urban pattern and its position in the traditional context of surro...

squares as urban spaces are the arena for people formed by physical proportions and variety offunctions such as religious, commercial, cultural, etc. shohada square as a focal point in mashhad , is one of themain arteries of access to holly shrine of imam reza and makes access to utilities and major axes . according tothe former urban pattern and its position in the traditional context of surro...

The author elaborates his proposition concerning the distinction of culturalhistorical and political identity by differentiating cultural-historical majorities and minorities from political winners and losers. He points out to a democratic paradox according to which a state is governed by political minorities of winners and not by political majorities of losers. In multi-ethnic societies, holds...

The concept of marking was discovered in phonology by Trubetzkoy and generalized to morphology and grammar by Jakobson. In a fundamental application to anthropology, Greenberg integrated a generalized concept of marking into a cognitivelinguistic theory of kinship universals. Greenberg’s theory is important for three reasons: (1) it leads to the discovery and explanation of cross-cultural unive...

Mediation is a key notion in dialectical approaches to understanding consciousness, thinking, and thought. However, the scholarly literature is replete with uses of the notion that are inconsistent with the dialectical framework within it, which has the specific function to articulate and explain the unit of a phenomenon and the corresponding unit of scientific analysis. The purpose of this pap...

These journal articles relate to historical trauma, also sometimes referred to as intergenerational trauma, transgenerational trauma, or post traumatic slavery disorder in the professional literature base. Broad survey articles along with those focused on historical trauma in African American, American Indian and Canadian First Nations, Armenian, Australian Aboriginal, Burundian, Cambodian Refu...

Currently, cultural heritage portals limit their users to search only for individual objects and not for objects related to some historical narrative. Typically, most musea select objects for an exhibition based on the story they want to tell the public, but in digital collections this context can currently not be made explicit as the historical context is not part of the object annotations. Fr...

Our article addresses the theoretical issue of how to characterize commonalities of learning approaches of individuals who are members of ethnic groups that historically have been underserved in U. S. schools (e.g., AfricanAmerican, Latino, and Native American students). We believe that a cultural-historical approach offers a way to get beyond a widespread assumption that characteristics of cul...