Mice lacking granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are neutropenic with reduced hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen, whereas those lacking granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have impaired pulmonary homeostasis and increased splenic hematopoietic progenitors, but unimpaired steady-state hematopoiesis. These contrasting phenotypes establish uniqu...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible disease which gradually makes patients unable to do their daily routines. Although the present treatments can not cure the disease completely, its early detection can reduce symptoms and enhance the patients’ life quality. In the current literature, using the grey matter (GM) tissue which is known as an appropriate biomarker is highly c...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between cerebral folate deficiency and autism, this study examined CSF 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) concentrations in a group of young children with autism, investigated the natural variation in CSF 5-MTHF over time, and assessed the relationship between CSF 5-MTHF and symptoms. METHODS CSF was collected from 67 children with a diagnosis of DSM-IV-TR ...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is is most common form ofimmune-mediated encephalitis with prominent neurologic and psychiatric features at disease onset. We describe a 16 years old patient who presented with fever and status epilepticus. His MRI sequences was normal. Anti-NMDAR antibodies were detected in the CSF.  MRI, CT and other studies didn,t show any tum...

In view of the importance of early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one of the most reliable and sensitive DNA-based assays, was compared with conventional methods (acid-fast microscopy and culture) for the detection of M. tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients suspected of TBM. Of the 29 CSF specim...

The authors describe a 6-year-old girl with developmental delay, psychomotor regression, seizures, mental retardation, and autistic features associated with low CSF levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the biologically active form of folates in CSF and blood. Folate and B12 levels were normal in peripheral tissues, suggesting cerebral folate deficiency. Treatment with folinic acid corrected CSF ...

Prediction of conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of major interest in AD research. A large number of potential predictors have been proposed, with most investigations tending to examine one or a set of related predictors. In this study, we simultaneously examined multiple features from different modalities of data, including structural magnetic resona...

INTRODUCTION Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) can be misdiagnosed with other neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the early disease stages. Considering the opportunity of the shunt surgery, iNPH should be diagnosed with accuracy. Here, we evaluate the utility of CSF biomarkers and their relationship with clinical features in the diagnosis of iNPH. METHODS We performed a mu...

A national system for surveillance of prion diseases (PrDs) was established in Japan in April 1999. Here, we analyzed the relationships among prion protein gene (PRNP) mutations and the clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, and pathological characteristics of the major genotypes of genetic PrDs (gPrDs). We retrospectively analyzed age at onset and disease duration; the concentra...