Bitis Arientans are associated with the highest number of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.The most effective treatments against snakebite is administration antivenom.Antibodies that specific for a single epitope an antigen obtain by isolating antibody-secreting lymphocytes. These lymphocytes found within Splenocytes cells which can be used wide variety immunology-based applications. However,...

In the present investigation, four types of explants from mature zygotic embryos coconut, viz., whole upper cotyledonary region without haustorium, half plumule with a portion radicle and exclusively plumular tissue, were cultured in 12 different media combinations to find suitable explant which could be regenerated after cryopreservation. Explants pre-cultured medium 0.4 0.5 M sucrose for thre...

Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), a source of important autologous stem cells without ethical debate, have been used in both experimental and clinical treatment. Therefore, this research aims to isolate, culture and cryopreserve BMMSCs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were preserved in each cryovial by slow freezing – rapid thawing method. Post-cryopreserved MSCs was anal...

Successful cryopreservation for human spermatozoa markedly influences the reproductive outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. But in spite of its usefulness, cryopreservation significantly decreases sperm quality. l-carnitine has been found to improve the quality of spermatozoa in selected cases with male infertility. Here, we examined the efficacy of l-carnitine in improving sperm mot...

To the Editor: Data concerning the effects of freezing, thawing, and storage on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones [free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3)] are scarce (1–3), and we can find no data on their effects on thyroid autoantibodies [thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab)]. We evaluated the effect of freezing, thaw...

Cryopreservation of intact human ovary with its vascular pedicle—or cryopreservation of hemiovaries? Sir, We read with interest the manuscript of Bedaiwy et al. (2006) entitled 'Cryopreservation of intact human ovary with its vas-cular pedicle', but feel there are some important details that the authors need to address for a clearer understanding of their work. First, we do not agree with the t...

Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina) populations have significantly declined throughout their range (Currylow et al., 2011). While a combination of factors are likely playing a role in the decline of the box turtle, disease outbreaks have been emerging across the Eastern United States in chelonians and may be important (De Voe et al., 2004; Johnson et al., 2008; Allender et al., 2011). Herpe...

Sweat is a rich, heterogeneous biofluid that consists of electrolytes (e.g., sodium, chloride, potassium ions), micronutrients (magnesium ion, calcium iron, vitamin c), metabolites glucose, lactate, ammonia, urea), hormones cortisol, cytokines), and environmental toxins ethanol) (Baker et al., 2009Baker L.B. Stofan J.R. Hamilton A.A. Horswill C.A. Comparison regional patch collection vs. whole ...

We examined seasonal and age-related variation in digestive organ sizes and enzyme activities in female western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) refueling at a coastal stopover site in southern British Columbia. Adult sandpipers exhibited seasonal variation in pancreatic and intestinal enzyme activities but not in digestive system or organ sizes. Spring migrants had 22% higher total and 67% higher s...