It is well known that most important problems faced by many industrial machine parts are the wear and tear which increases the cost of production and wasted time for the replacement process. Now-a-days cryogenic treatment would be regarded as one of the most important processes in the field of industries, and it is the ultra modern type of processing to make the metals more resistant to wear an...

Joule-Thomson cooling systems are used in refrigeration processes such as cryogenic gas liquefaction. Although extensive studies have been carried out by researchers, most of them include cryogenic heat exchangers and their associated fields. In the current study, an attempt was made to indicate the effect of using inappropriate operational conditions in a cryogenic Joule-Thomson cooling system...

The components in top-fuel dragster and stock car engines undergo significantly more force than their production passenger vehicle counterparts do. Therefore, they must be manufactured and processed to withstand those forces so that they do not catastrophically fail while in service. In this project, the effects of austempering and adding a cryogenic processing step to the control quench and do...

Cryogenics is the continuation of heat treatment and is the last step that completes the thermal treatment processing of metals. After ferrous steel part/s are heat-treated and tempered, the part’s grain structure can be improved by subjecting the part to a deep cryogenic temperature (–320 °F) soak. The process involves taking the parts down from room temperature to –70 °F to –100 °F using dry ...

The word, “Cryogenics” is taken from two Greek words – “kryos” which means cold or freezing, and “genes” meaning born or generated. Technologically, it means the study and use of materials (or other requirements) at very low temperatures. In general cryogenic treatment consists of slow cooling already heat treated part to approximately -196C, holding at low temperature up to prescribed period, ...

For cost effective machining it is necessary to identify and quantify changes in tool material machining characteristics. Cryoprocessing, a supplementary process to conventional heat treatment, involves deepfreezing of materials at cryogenic temperatures to enhance the mechanical and physical properties. The execution of cryoprocessing on cutting tool materials increases wear resistance, hardne...

17-4ph stainless steel is a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel that provides an outstandingcombination of high strength, good corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, good toughness in both base metal and welds, and short time, low-temperature heat treatments that minimize warpage and scaling. this valuable alloy is widely used in the aerospace, nuclear, chemical, petr...

smirnovia iranica (sabeti) synonym: smirnovia turkestana (bunge) is a deciduous perennial bushy species of the fabaceae (papilionaceae) family. the species grow on sand dunes of desert areas, having a deep vertical root and very long horizontal or lateral roots. they have an important role in natural vegetation of desert and sand dune stabilization. limited growing areas, grazing due to good pa...