This paper describes the relationships between ultra-violet emission, ozone generation and CrVI production in MIG welding which were measured as a function of shield gas flow rate, welding voltage, electrode stick-out and shield gas composition using an automatic welding rig that permitted MIG welding under reproducible conditions. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of the physic...

The remediation of chromium-contaminated sites requires knowledge of the processes that control the migration and transformation of chromium. Advection, dispersion, and diffusion are physical processes affecting the rate at which contaminants can migrate in the subsurface. Heterogeneity is an important factor that affects the contribution of each of these mechanisms to the migration of chromium...

Heavy metals that contaminate soils and water usually exist in various oxidation states and form a number of compounds with different physical and chemical characteristics. These differences are often reflected in dramatic variation in toxicokinetic and biologic properties. Such variation in properties, critical in determining intrinsic toxicity, often causes a great deal of uncertainty in anal...

Conventional soil solution sampling of species-sensitive inorganic contaminants, such as hexavalent chromium (CrVI), may induce interconversions due to disruption system equilibrium. The temporal resolution that these methods afford also be insufficient capture dynamic interactions or require time-consuming and expensive analysis. Microdialysis (MD) is emerging a minimally invasive passive meth...

Hexavalent chromium (VI) compounds are widely used in industry, while trivalent chromium (III) is used as a nutritional supplement. CrVI is generally considered more toxic and carcinogenic than its trivalent form and the toxicity of this metal is associated with free radical processes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The detailed mechanism of ROS formation by chromium and its compounds...

BACKGROUND Evaluating the impact of federally funded research with a broad, methodical, and objective approach is important to ensure that public funds advance the mission of federal agencies. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop a methodical approach that would yield a broad assessment of National Toxicology Program's (NTP's) effectiveness across multiple sectors and demonstrate the utility of the...

There is a great demand to develop different techniques for the continuous removal, immobilization, and remediation of metallic ions from contaminated water. Human contamination by could even occur ingestion seafood causing carcinogenic mutagenic activities. In this study, nanofibrous membrane poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) produced electrospinning technique coated...

In connection with the production of 46.2 min Mn via the Cr(d, n)-process, several separation techniques such as ion exchange chromatography, solid phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction and co-precipitation have been investigated; the aim was to separate no-carrier-added radiomanganese from the bulk target chromium. Among the separation systems ∗MnII/CrIII , ∗MnII/CrVI and ∗MnIV/CrVI, the ...