In this study, slag penetration into a magnesia refractory monolithic was investigated by the crucible test method. A synthetic calcium aluminate slag system has been used to study commercial magnesia mix refractory for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours at 1450°C and 1600°C. It has been shown that the penetration rate is controlled by a diffusion mechanism at 1450°C. In this case, capillaries are the ...

The melting point of palladium was determined by measuring with an optical P3^rometer the ratio of brightness of the red light (X= 0.6528m) emitted by black bodies at the melting points of palladium and gold, respectively. The crucible method was shown to be more reliable than the wire method. Especial attention was given to the purity of the metals. The result obtained by the crucible method, ...

In the aluminium industry, Hot Metal Carriers (HMCs) perform the task of transporting molten aluminium from the smelter (where the aluminium is made) to the casting shed where it is turned into block products. The vehicles weigh approximately 20 tonnes unloaded and resemble forklifts except they have a dedicated hook for manipulating the load, called the crucible. In the perspective of a full a...

A computational approach to the study of three-dimensional instabilities of flows in a Czochralski crucible is proposed. The flow is driven by buoyancy, thermocapillarity and rotation of the crystal and the crucible. The thermal boundary conditions account for the prescribed temperatures or heat flux, as well as convective and radiative heating or cooling of the boundaries. The numerical approa...

The Residue on Ignition Test specified in General Tests, Japanese Pharmacopeia is a method to measure the weight of the residual substance not volatilized when the sample is ignited under a constant condition. Generally, this test is intended to determine the content of inorganic substances contained as impurities in an organic substance, and, occasionally, to determine the amount of inorganic ...

In the paper, the author has represented a thermodynamic analysis of a crucible reaction, which takes place in crucible induction furnaces. The author has suggested a diagram of a crucible reaction that took into account partial pressure and activity of the components participating in the process. The author has defined more exactly what effect the elements usually present in cast iron (Mn, S, ...

In modern steelmaking the duration of a working campaign for a blast furnace is related to the life of the crucible. Adding titanium oxide has been a frequent practice in the operation routines for modern blast furnaces, seeking the protection of the crucible walls, independently from its physical or chemical characteristics. These practices, as conventional operation of iron and steelmaking in...