The decreased incidence of potentially autogenous Gramnegative bacillary infections may well be unrelated to the change in ward architecture, but the criteria used to classify cross-infection meant that some of the intestinal type of infections labelled autogenous were in fact cross-infections. As expected, the incidence of definite staphylococcal autogenous infection remained substantially the...

Abstract: So far, too little attention has been paid to total burden of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) in Iran. In present study, we aimed to assess the rate of HAIs, as well as economic burden of hospitalization and antibiotic related cost associated with HAIs at training Taleghani hospital in Iran and to compare our results with NNIS system. This research to date for the first time h...

Dengue viruses (DENVs) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses and the causative agents of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. As there are four serotypes of DENV (DENV1-4), people can be infected multiple times, each time with a new serotype. Primary infections stimulate antibodies that mainly neutralize the serotype of infection (type-specific), whereas secondary infections stimulate responses...

We have developed cross-genotype and genotype-specific quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays to detect and quantify the number of parasites, transmission stages (gametocytes) and male gametocytes in blood stage Plasmodium chabaudi infections. Our cross-genotype assays are reliable, repeatable and generate counts that correlate strongly (R(2)s>90%) with counts expected from blo...

BACKGROUND A majority infections caused by dengue virus (DENV) are asymptomatic, but a higher incidence of severe illness, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever, is associated with secondary infections, suggesting that pre-existing immunity plays a central role in dengue pathogenesis. Primary infections are typically associated with a largely serotype-specific antibody response, while secondary infe...

Abstract: So far, too little attention has been paid to total burden of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) in Iran. In present study, we aimed to assess the rate of HAIs, as well as economic burden of hospitalization and antibiotic related cost associated with HAIs at training Taleghani hospital in Iran and to compare our results with NNIS system. This research to date for the first time h...

The number of human avian H7N9 influenza infections has been increasing in China. Understanding their antigenic and serologic relationships is crucial for developing diagnostic tools and vaccines. Here, we evaluated the cross-reactivities and neutralizing activities among H7 subtype influenza viruses and between H7N9 and heterosubtype influenza A viruses. We found strong cross-reactivities betw...