tehran is one of the densely populated metropolises located in earthquake-prone regions. tehran, the population of which surpasses 8 million people, is the most populated area in iran. there are historical evidences confirming that catastrophic earthquakes have destroyed the city in past years. in the present paper, our study covers all parts of tehran because there is the potential of signific...

Previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. Reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the University of Georgia, the Beltwide Cotton Conference, and sele...

Assessment of nitrogen content from crop leaves has been of interest worldwide to help growers adjust N fertilizer rates to meet the demands of the crop. A multi-spectral imaging system was developed for in-field real-time assessment of plant nitrogen stress in corn (Zea mays L.) crops indicated by plant reflectance and measured using a vision-based multi-spectral imaging sensor (MSIS). The obj...

Microbial infections of crop plants present an ongoing threat to agricultural production. However, in recent years, we have developed a more nuanced understanding of the ecological role of microbes and how they interact with plants. This includes an appreciation of the influence of crop physiology and environmental conditions on the expression of disease symptoms, the importance of non-pathogen...

Agriculture is a sector easily affected by meteorological conditions. Crop yield reduction, even regional conflicts, may occur during a drought. It is extremely important to improve the state of our knowledge on agricultural drought risk. This study has proposed a new method (vulnerability surfaces) for assessing vulnerability quantitatively and continuously by including the environmental varia...

Mitigating crop and livestock loss to wildlife and improving compensation distribution are important for conservation efforts in landscapes where people and wildlife co-occur outside protected areas. The lack of rigorously collected spatial data poses a challenge to management efforts to minimize loss and mitigate conflicts. We surveyed 735 households from 347 villages in a 5154 km(2) area surr...