Bhaskar defines the philosopher differently: the philosopher observes the scientist, and sees that the scientist is able to expand knowledge about the world using the methods he is using. The philosopher concludes from this: obviously, the world is such that the methods applied by the scientists allow them to gain knowledge about it. This tells us something very important about the world. The p...

literary fiction can be criticized and analyzed through different approaches and literary schools. meanwhile, the most attention has been devoted to realism, as the most important and permanent intellectual concern of many writers. iranian modern literary fiction has shown its affection to realism from the beginning, and most of iranian writers have tried to illustrate the social-political situ...

Because of the limited capacity of coastal lands and conflicting interests among stakeholders for coastal resources, there are intensifying pressures to retain and provide more public access to the coast. Coastal gated communities have been developed increasingly in the middle shoreline of Caspian Sea in North of Iran. They are kind of exclusive space production as they restrict public access t...