Chi-square tests are generally used for distinguishing purposes; however when they are combined to simultaneously test several independent variables, extra notation is required. In this study, the chi-square statistics in some previous works is revealed to be computed half of its real value. Therefore, the notion of Multi _ Chi-square tests is formulated to avoid possible future confusions. In ...

The need for compatibility between degrees of freedom of various elements is a major problem encountered in practice during the modeling of complex structures; the problem is generally solved by an additional rotational degree of freedom [1-3]. This present paper investigates possible improvements to the performances of strain based cylindrical shell finite element [4] by introducing an additio...

The point of view I take to summarize some of the research activities in Italy in the field of hadronic physics, is determined by the (today accepted) fundamental degrees of freedom of the strong interactions, namely quarks and gluons. The Sec. 2 is devoted to the link of the fundamental theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), with effective degrees of freedom often used to...

The climate change conference in Copenhagen last month went to the wire with no agreement emerging until late on the last day. Ahead of the meeting, President Obama was expected to make a significant financial commitment to a global climate protection fund rather than improve on his provisional offer of cutting emissions by 4 per cent on 990 levels by 2020. The final accord declared deep cuts i...

Introduction: Nowadays tendency to apply more degrees of freedom in high-tech radiotherapy systems, and consequent complex process to optimize dose calculation and delivery algorithms, is a challenge of radiation therapy optimization. Faster MLC speed, dose rate, Gantry angle variation, and other degrees, which have been utilized in IMRT, IMAT, VMAT, improved modulation of inte...