In this work a method is presented that can be used to predict craze initiation in glassy polymers. The approach is based on the view that the development of a craze is preceded by de formation of a localised plastic deformation zone. As this zone develops, the hydrostatic stress increases, and, when exceeding a critical stress level, cavitation will take place, leading to local development of ...

Crazing is usually a precursor of the brittle fracture of glassy polymers. In this paper, an optical technique is presented to quantify the crazing dominated creep damage that occurs on a stressed transparent glassy polymeric sheet of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The specimens, with various sections, are loaded for a predefined period of time under a constant load at room temperature, and th...

This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of cracked teeth, and explores common clinical examples of cracked teeth, such as cusp fractures, fractures into tooth furcations, and root fractures. This article provides alternative definitions of terms such as cracked teeth, complete and incomplete fractures and crack lines, and explores the scientific rationale for dental terminology commonl...