POURFOUR DU PETIT iS of interest in the history of neuroanatomy for his observations and controlled experiments which led to the correction of the earlier view that the 'intercostal nerve' is of cranial origin. The so-called intercostal nerve was the name which had been given by Thomas Willis to the sympathetic chain. This, of course, is one of the two divisions of the autonomic system which in...

PURPOSE The retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA/HRP) was used to study the localization of the neurons that innervate the superior tarsal muscle in the cynomolgus monkey. METHODS A 5-10% WGA-HRP solution was applied to the medial part of the superior tarsal muscle. Seventy-two hours later, the animals were killed and perfused with fixative. RESULTS The ...

T H E sympathetic outflow to the head and neck and the greater part of that to the upper limbs passes on each side through the relatively small confines of the stellate ganglion and is here subject to interruption by stellate ganglion block. This block will cut off all efferent sympathetic impulses to the head and neck and most, if not all, of those to the upper limb and may be of value for exa...

Twenty-four adult molly fish (Poecilia sphenops, Valenciennes 1846) were collected to study the morphology and distribution of ganglia using histological, immunohistochemical, electron microscopy focusing on their relation immune cells. The classified spatially into cranial spinal, functionally sensory autonomic. Spinal (dorsal root ganglia, DRG) contained large close ganglionic cells, enclosed...

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a rare complication of herpes zoster which results from the reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion. Although facial nerve is the most common affected nerve in Ramsay Hunt syndrome, other cranial and cervical nerves can also be affected. We present an atypical case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome in a 42-year-old male, with cervical nerve inv...

Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is the reactivation of herpes zoster in the geniculate ganglion and typically presents the triad of ipsilateral peripheral type facial paralysis, ear pain, and erythematous vesicles in the external auditory canal and auricle. However, some unusual variants may occur. Here we present a patient of atypical RHS with uncommonly extensive dermatomal involvement of cranial ...

sheep as an experimental animal has been used in many veterinary researches. the developmental study of the ovine cervicothoracic ganglion in the fetal stages will reveal the anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system in the adult sheep and morphological and morphometrical relation between this ganglion and surrounding structures. the aim of this research was to follow morphological and morphome...

Cervical vagus nerve stimulation is in a great variety of clinical situations indicated as form treatment. It textbook knowledge that at the cervical level contains many different fiber classes. Yet, recently, several reports have shown this also may contain an additional class potentially noradrenergic fibers, suggested to denote efferent sympathetic fibers. As such, nature and presence these ...