background: autophagy as a cellular pathway facilitates several immune responses against infection. it also eliminates invading pathogens through transferring content between the cytosol and the lysosomal vesicles and contributes to the cross-presentation of exogenous antigens to t lymphocytes via mhc class i pathway. autophagy induction is one of the main targets for new drugs and future vacci...

one of the most common health problems are diseases of the cardiovascular system with a great bulk of disease burden; while a considerable number of cardiac patients undergo cardiac surgery; cardiac surgical procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb) are nowadays among the top list of surgical procedures. more than half of a century has passed since the introduction of total cardiopulmonary b...

Background: Identification of biological molecules related to post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) lung injury could help diagnose, predict and potentially impact patient’s clinical course after cardiac surgery. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) initially identified as potential biomarker for patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation following CPB in a prior study. To further validate these findings, we ...

BACKGROUND Neurocognitive dysfunction is a common complication of cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Elucidating injury mechanisms and developing neuroprotective strategies have been hampered by the lack of a suitable long-term recovery model of CPB. The purpose of this study was to investigate neurologic and neurocognitive outcome after CPB in a recovery model of CPB in the ra...

BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a process routinely used during cardiac surgery, is a potent stimulant to the release of endogenous catecholamines. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that CPB results in myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor (beta AR) desensitization. METHODS AND RESULTS We obtained canine transmyocardial left ventricular biopsies before, during (155 minutes), and after CP...

BACKGROUND The neuroprotective properties of xenon may improve cerebral outcome after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, its disposition to expand gaseous bubbles that during CPB present as cerebral air emboli (CAE) could abolish any beneficial effect or even worsen cerebral outcome. Therefore, the authors studied the impact of xenon on neurologic, cognitive, and histo...

IntroductionCardiac diseases managed with surgery are growing increasingly because of technologic progress and sedentary lifestyles on one hand and progression of diagnostic procedures on the other. Thyroid dysfunction and alterations in thyroid hormones have a direct effect on the cardiovascular system, and special attention to this issue is required to counter the effects of these two systems...

INTRODUCTION Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has often been compared to the pathophysiologic changes occurring in sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The definitions for SIRS is classically considered to be related to sepsis, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).1 The idea behind defining SIRS was to define a clinical response to a nonspecific insult of eithe...

BACKGROUND After cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), acquired coagulopathy often leads to post-CPB bleeding. Though multifactorial in origin, this coagulopathy is often aggravated by deficient fibrinogen levels. OBJECTIVE To assess whether laboratory and thrombelastometric testing on CPB can predict plasma fibrinogen immediately after CPB weaning. PATIENTS/METHODS This prospe...