A new measure of hypersensitive narcissism was derived by correlating the items of H. A. Murray’s (1938) Narcism Scale with an MMPI-based composite measure of covert narcissism. In three samples of college students (total N 5 403), 10 items formed a reliable measure: the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS). The new HSNS and the MMPI-based composite showed similar patterns of correlations wit...

The psychological literature to date has identified more than one form of narcissism: the more well-known grandiose form, and the less familiar and recognized covert form. Although the distinction between these two narcissistic types has been identified with regard to better conceptualizing client dynamics, there has been much less written about how covert narcissistic tendencies and traits may...

This article demonstrates the validity and utility of conceptualizing narcissistic personality in terms of relative approach-avoidance motivation. Across three studies (N = 1,319), narcissism predicted high approach and low avoidance motivation. That is, narcissists reported being strongly motivated to approach desirable outcomes but only weakly motivated to avoid negative outcomes. Relative ap...

iv CHAPTER 1: Psychopathy and Narcissism 1 1.1 Personality Disorders 1 1.2 Psychopathy 9 1.2.1 Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD): Historical Background 9 1.2.2 Modern Conceptualisations: Primary and Secondary Psychopathy 14 1.2.3 Hare’s Two-Factor Conceptualisation of Psychopathy and the Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) 15 1.2.4 Levenson’s Self-Report Psychopathy Scal...

Abstract There has been an abundance of research on narcissism in the workplace. However, most focused overt (grandiosity) form narcissism, as well effect uncivil behaviors employees; focusing directly covert (vulnerability) employees’ experience workplace incivility is lacking. The present examined whether personality trait (covert narcissism) employees affects their considering two potential ...

The present study examined the association between covert narcissism and internalizing symptoms (i.e., shame, anxiety) in adolescents following an ego threat. Participants were 132 adolescents (101 males, 30 females, 1 not reported), ages 16–19 (M = 16.81 years, SD = .81), attending a residential program. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three feedback conditions (i.e., positive, n...

A two-step cluster analytic strategy was used in two studies to identify an empirically derived typology of narcissism in late adolescence. In Study 1, late adolescents (N=204) responded to the profile of narcissistic dispositions and measures of grandiosity ("superiority") and idealization ("goal instability") inspired by Kohut's theory, along with several College Adjustment Scales and a measu...

We review the literature on pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and describe a significant criterion problem related to four inconsistencies in phenotypic descriptions and taxonomic models across clinical theory, research, and practice; psychiatric diagnosis; and social/personality psychology. This impedes scientific synthesis, weakens narcissism's nomological ne...

A growing body of research has suggested that narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) contains 2 factors or types: overt/grandiose and covert/vulnerable. A recent factor analysis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), NPD symptoms supported a similar 2-factor model. The present research tested this proposed 2-factor solution against a 1-factor solutio...