the semi-classical model of atom-field interaction has been fully studied for some multilevel atoms, e.g. vee, l, cascade x , y, and inverted y and so on. this issue is developed into the full-quantum electrodynamics formalism, where the probe and coupling electromagnetic fields are quantized. in this article, we investigate the full-quantum model of absorption and dispersion spectrum of trappe...

A two-beam coupling interaction of an information-bearing beam with a copy of itself in a photorefractive medium changes the spatiotemporal nature of the beam. We analyze the reflexive coupling of an informationbearing beam carrying two or more spatiotemporal signals, using a one-dimensional model. We find that the statistical information content of the beam can be increased or decreased by use...

Abstract—Off-axis ellipsoid reflector based off-focus configuration for deastigmatism and circularization of an elliptical Gaussian beam is proposed. Mostly used off-axis ellipsoid reflector based conventional configuration is constructed by aligning the incident direction directed to one focus of the ellipsoid, which reflect the output beam to the another focus of the ellipsoid. However, such ...

the present research is concerned with the determination of ductility, over-strength and response modification factors of coupled steel shear wall frames. three structural models with various numbers of stories, bay width and coupling beam height were analyzed using static pushover and incremental nonlinear dynamic analyses. the ductility, over-strength and response modification factors for the...

We report measurements of the photorefractive phase shift and coupling constant of several photorefractive materials. We solve the problem of beam coupling and diffraction in a material with a dynamically written grating for arbitrary input beams. These solutions are used to determine the beam coupling as a function of the photorefractive phase ø and coupling constant g when one beam is either ...

Results of a theoretical and experimental investigation into the variation of coupling efficiency with coupling angle are presented for various beam focusing conditions for an integrated optical grating coupler. This investigation shows that the acceptance angle of the grating coupler can be broadened, within a relatively large range and with a relatively small loss of coupling efficiency, by f...

Banks has proposed a relation between the scale of supersymmetry breaking and the cosmological constant in de Sitter space. His proposal has a natural extension to a general FRW cosmology, in which the supersymmetry breaking scale is related to the Hubble parameter. We study one consequence of such a relation, namely that coupling constants change as the universe evolves. We find that the most ...

We have found that supersymmetry (SUSY) in curved space is broken softly. It is also found that Pauli-Villars regularization preserves the remaining symmetry, softly broken SUSY. Using it we computed the one-loop effective potential along a (classical) flat direction in a Wess-Zumino model in de Sitter space. The analysis is relevant to the Affleck-Dine mechanism for baryogenesis. The effective...

This paper gives an overview of collective effects that are likely to appear and possibly limit the performance in a diffraction-limited storage ring (DLSR) that stores a high-intensity ultra-low-emittance beam. Beam instabilities and other intensity-dependent effects that may significantly impact the machine performance are covered. The latter include beam-induced machine heating, Touschek sca...