In 2007, the National Research Council (NRC) completed its first decadal survey for Earth science at the request of NASA, NOAA, and USGS.[1] The Lidar Surface Topography (LIST) mission is one of fifteen missions recommended by NRC, whose primary objectives are to map global topography and vegetation structure at 5 m spatial resolution, and to acquire global surface height mapping within a few y...

Missing data have seriously compromised inferences from clinical trials, yet the topic has received little attention in the clinical-trial community.1 Existing regulatory guidances2-4 on the design, conduct, and analysis of clinical trials have little specific advice on how to address the problem of missing data. A recent National Research Council (NRC) report5 on the topic seeks to address thi...

The National Research Council (NRC) has recently recognized the International Space Station (ISS) as uniquely suitable for furthering the study of microbial species in closed habitats. Answering the NRC's call for the study, in particular, of uncommon microbial species in the ISS, and/or of those that have significantly increased or decreased in number, space microbiologists have begun capitali...

Two different quantities have been suggested for quantification of evidence in cases where a suspect is found by a search through a database of DNA profiles. The likelihood ratio, typically motivated from a Bayesian setting, is preferred by most experts in the field. The so-called np rule has been suggested through more frequentistic arguments and has been suggested by the American National Res...

This article characterizes and measures errors in the 2010 National Research Council (NRC) assessment of researchdoctorate programs in geography. This article provides a conceptual model for data-based sources of uncertainty and reports on a quantitative assessment of NRC research data uncertainty for a particular geography doctoral program. Findings indicate that important variables, including...

1Department of Agriculture and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5; 2Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1; 3Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Western Forage Beef Group, Lacombe Research Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada. T4L 1W1. Received 27 January 2003, accepted 28 Au...

Council President: J. D. MacDonald President-Elect: J. H. Andrews Immediate Past President: G. C. Bergstrom Vice President: J. E. Leach Secretary: D. T. Beadle Treasurer: E. L. Stromberg Editor-in-Chief, Phytopathology: C. C. Mundt Editor-in-Chief, Plant Disease: K. L. Bowen Editor-in-Chief, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions: J. Stougaard Editor-in-Chief, Phytopathology News: M. L. Daughtrey...

The aim of this study was to synthesize the concepts from empirical studies and analyze, compare and interrelate them with normative ethics. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) and the Health and Medical Service Act are normative ethics. Five concepts were used in the analysis; three from the grounded theory studies and two from the theoretical framework on normative ethics. A simultaneou...

Economists devote considerable effort to grad­ u­ate stu­dent edu­cation bu­t have condu­cted rela­ tively little research on the determinants of stu­dent performance or placement in the job market. Do gradu­ate stu­dents who do well in core microeco­ nomics (micro) cou­rses also do well in core mac­ roeconomics (macro) and econometrics (metrics) cou­rses? Are stu­dents who achieve higher grade...

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropr...